Бронированная проводниковая продукция необходима для создания сетей в местах, где есть опасность механических повреждений, воздействия агрессивных веществ. В её конструкции предусмотрен слой металлической ленты, предназначенной для защиты жилы от негативных воздействий. Один из примеров таких изделий — кабель ААБл.
Основные технические характеристики:
Рабочее напряжение — 1, 6, 10 тысяч Вольт. Зависит от толщины и количества токопроводящих жил.
Допустимая относительная влажность воздуха при температуре до +35°С — 98%.
Сопротивление изоляции 1000 метров провода для продукции 1 кВ — не менее 100 Мом, для изделий более 1 кВ — не менее 200 Мом.
Максимально допустимая температура жил: +80°С для кабелей 1 кВ и +70°С — для кабелей более 1 кВ.
Максимальная температура жил в аварийных ситуациях — +90°С.
Максимальная температура при КЗ — +200°С.
Минимальный радиус изгиба при монтаже для одножильных изделий составляет 25 диаметров, для многожильных — 15 диаметров.
Минимальный срок службы — 30 лет.
Характеристики кабелей ААБл с разным количеством и площадью сечения жил
Качество продукции, правила обращения с ней, приемки и эксплуатации описаны в ГОСТ 18410-73. Требования к качеству токопроводящих жил должны соответствовать ГОСТ 22483-2012 (IEC 60228:2004). Это международный стандарт, которым руководствуются российские, белорусские, узбекские и киргизские производители.
Недостатки данной продукции — в ограничениях по монтажу и чувствительности к влаге. Нельзя устанавливать провод на поверхностях, между начальной и конечной точкой которых разница более 15 метров в высоту. При попадании влаги под изоляцию значительно снижаются диэлектрические свойства последней. Поэтому при прокладке используют герметизирующие оболочки из свинца или алюминия.
Конструкция
Основная информация подается в названии кабеля. Каждая буква обозначает определенную особенность строения или эксплуатации изделия. Расшифровка кабеля — это умение, которое позволяет легко выбирать подходящие изделия.
ААБл — расшифровка:
А – алюминиевая сердцевина (токопроводящая жила). Данный материал уступает меди по сопротивлению, прочности, устойчивости к изгибам, но удешевляет продукцию. При правильном обращении алюминиевый провод прослужит не меньше медного.
А – алюминиевая защитная оболочка.
Б – броня, состоящая из двухслойной стальной ленты.
Л — под броней проложена пластмассовая изоляция.
Плотность алюминия — 2,71*103 кг/м3, меди – 8,9*103 кг/м3. Поэтому при прочих равных условиях алюминиевый провод примерно в 3,2 раз легче. Масса очень важна, когда речь идет о поставках продукции для создания масштабных электромагистралей.
В оболочке кабеля также присутствует электротехническая бумага. Она сделана из целлюлозы высокой степени очистки, обладает значительной плотностью. Отличается наличием электроизоляционных свойств, равномерностью толщины, гладкостью поверхности. Материал пропитывают бакелитовой смолой. Это вещество способствует созданию однородной структуры материала, однородности его электротехнических параметров, повышает механическую прочность.
Строение кабеля ААБл:
Токопроводящая жила:
однопроволочная сечением 25-240 мм2;
многопроволочная (обозначается (ож)) сечением 70-800 мм2.
Бумажная изоляция с обозначением сердцевин. Маркировка жил может быть цифровой и цветовой. Первая применяется для проводов достаточного для нанесения символов диаметра.
Бумажные жгуты.
Электротехническая бумага.
Экранировка из токопроводящей бумаги — применяется к кабелям, предназначенным для работы под напряжением от 6 кВ.
Оболочка из алюминия.
Трехслойная подушка из битума поливинилхлоридной пленки и крепированной бумаги.
Стальная броня.
Наружная изоляция из кабельной или стеклянной пряжи.
Область применения
Климатическое исполнение провода позволяет применять его во всех условиях: от теплого до холодного климата. Он выдерживает температуру окружающей среды от -50 до +50°С. При этом прокладывать провод без предварительного подогрева можно при температуре не ниже 0°С. В противном случае загустевший пропиточный состав приведет к склеиванию слоев, их разрыву в процессе работы, а внешняя оболочка, потеряв свою эластичность, треснет.
Сфера применения силового кабеля:
Присоединение промышленного оборудования, агрегатов общественного значения (силовых распределительных щитов домов, микрорайонов) к сетям, передающим переменный ток напряжением от 1 до 6 кВ и частотой 50–60 Гц.
Прокладка магистралей в грунте с низкой или средней коррозийной активностью, при условии отсутствия блуждающих токов.
Проведение магистралей на наклонных поверхностях при условии, что пропитка бумажной изоляции — нестекающая. Такой особенностью обладает подвид кабеля — ЦААБл.
Не рекомендуется использовать продукцию в следующих условиях:
При наличии высоких нагрузок на растяжение. Бронированные кабели не устойчивы к таким влияниям из-за непластичности стальной обмотки (брони).
В грунте с высокой коррозионной активностью.
Решение об использовании продукции принимает профессионал, исходя из её характеристик, конструкции, нормативных документов. Поэтому важно знать, из чего состоит кабель ААБл, какими изделиями его можно заменить в тех или иных условиях.
Какой продукцией можно заменить
У кабеля существуют подвиды, обладающие дополнительными свойствами, более высокими характеристиками. Они представлены в таблице ниже.
Приведенные отличия носят справочный характер. Решение о применении той или иной проводниковой продукции всегда принимает специалист, руководствуясь результатами исследований, расчетами.
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