Для довольно быстрого и долгокачественного ремонта или строительства пола дома своими руками лучше всего выбрать плиты ОСБ. Этот тип материала подойдёт в качестве ударостойкого и долговечного покрытия жилой комнаты, балкона или же дачного домика. Полы из ОСБ своими руками укладываются просто и легко. Этот материал отличает наиболее повышенной прочностью, влагостойкостью и относительно невысокой ценой.
Выбор типа ОСБ
- При выборе материала обратите внимание на фирму и страну, которая произвела продукт. На сегодняшний день наиболее качественными считаются произведённые в Европе или в Северной Америке. На любом выбранном вами материале должна стоять отметка об экологичности стандарт Е1.
- Если вам нужно выбрать и установить покрытие в жилых помещениях лучше всего выбирать плиты стандарта OSB-3. Именно такие материалы отвечают повышенной прочностью и влагостойкостью.
- Укладывайте плиты на деревянные лаги или бетонную стяжку. Если вы укладываете на лаги, то выбирайте плиты толщиной 15 — 25 мм, тогда как на бетонную стяжку подойдут 10 мм.
- До покупки рассчитайте точное количество плит. Все плитки изготавливаются и выпускаются стандартными размерами 2440х1220 мм.
- При работе с плитками разрезать их лучше циркулярной пилой, а не электролобзиком. Так вы получите более ровный, незазубренный край.
Укладка плит на бетонную стяжку
Для того, чтобы покрыть пол керамической плиткой, линолеумом, паркетом или ламинатом при бетонном основании вам понадобится вначале установить плиты ОСБ, которые помогут решить много проблем:
- Неровная поверхность. Бетонный пол зачастую имеет резкие перепады, укладка ОСБ решает эту проблему и делает пол гладким и ровным.
- Звукоизоляция. При размещении квартиры выше первого этажа многослойная конструкция пола позволяет оградить свою жизнь от соседей.
- Гидроизоляция и утепление. Плиты позволяют закрыть все микрощели и повышает уровень пола, что обеспечивает теплосбережение.
Для покрытия плитами ОСБ на бетонную стяжку вам понадобятся следующие материалы и инструменты:
- Деревянные бруски;
- Строительный уровень;
- Плиты ОСБ 8 — 10 мм;
- Строительный клей для плит;
- Гвозди;
Технология укладки
- Перед укладкой плит на пол воспользуйтесь деревянными брусками, которые нужно использовать как заменитель деревянных лаг, которые должны сгладить большие перепады в полу. Чтобы выровнять пол используйте строительный уровень и по необходимости деревянные подкладки.
- Выкладывайте плиты в два слоя, причём второй слой укладывается с небольшим смещением, по отношению к стыкам первого слоя.
- Крепятся плиты между собой строительным клеем и специальными спиральными или кольцевыми гвоздями.
Если же бетонное покрытие гладкое, без впадин, то можно монтировать плиты прямо на него.
В таком случае плиты укладываются в один слой и крепятся дюбелями и саморезами, предварительно приклеенные на специальный клей.
- Возьмите удобный для работы шпатель и смажьте плиту ОСБ паркетным клеем только с одной стороны;
- Уложите ее на бетонное основание или плиту, в зависимости от строения вашего дома, важно оставить между плитами ОСБ промежуток в 3 мм, так как из-за возможной влаги, поступающей снизу, покрытие может изменять свои размеры, расширяясь;
- Возьмите перфоратор и сделайте по углам отверстия для крепления дюбель-гвоздями;
- Закрепите плиту ОСБ на бетоне.
Укладка плит на деревянный пол
Если ваше помещение имеет столбчатый фундамент, то, чаще всего полы из ОСБ стелятся на многослойные доски или деревянные лаги из бруса. В таком случае плиты ОСБ используются как выравнивающий слой под другие, более подходящие напольные покрытия (ковролин, линолеум), но может быть и в качестве чернового или чистового пола.
Для покрытия плитами ОСБ на деревянные лаги вам понадобятся следующие материалы и инструменты:
- Плиты ОСБ;
- Мастика;
- Саморезы;
Технология укладки
- Первый слой на деревянных лагах монтируют по нижней части, и после поверхность материала обрабатывается битумной мастикой или другим защитным покрытием, на ваш выбор. В промежутки и всевозможные щели и зазоры между балками и полом заталкивается любой утеплитель, закрывающийся сверху пергамином.
- Только после этого укладывается чистовой пол из ОСБ, который можно выкладывать в 1 или 2 слоя перпендикулярно друг к другу. Крепление к лагам проводят саморезами с промежутком в 25 мм.
При укладке OSB-плит на деревянный пол производите с учетом дилатационных зазоров (3 мм). При установке многослойного покрытия такие требования необходимо распространять на оба слоя.
Если вам важно сэкономить на материалах и работе при укладке пола, то есть ещё один способ, он менее дорогой и при этом не менее качественен.
Для этого вам потребуется следующие материалы:
- шпаклевка для работы по дереву (цвет вы подбираете по желанию того, какого цвета вы хотите получить пол)
- грунтовка для работы с деревянными поверхностями
- акриловый паркетный лак (существуют несколько типов: глянец, полумат или мат).
И инструменты:
- шпателя: маленький и большой для нанесения шпаклевки
- валик и кисть для нанесения лака
- специальный шпатель для работы с лаком (если нет, то подойдёт и шпаклевочный).
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