На даче или приусадебной территории приставная лестница понадобится при выполнении работ, проводимых на высоте. Сезонная подрезка фруктовых и парковых деревьев, подкрашивание оконных рам, сбор урожая и другие мероприятия не обходятся без садового инвентаря. Приставные лестницы отличаются мобильностью, малым весом и простотою конструкции. По сути это две опорные балки, скрепленные между собой перекладинами.
В хозяйственных магазинах и на строительных рынках представлен широкий ассортимент модификаций приставных лестниц из разных материалов. Покупка качественной крупногабаритной модели стоит достаточно дорого, а надежность дешевых лестниц вызывает определенные сомнения. Поэтому многие домашние мастера нередко поднимают вопрос: Как сделать приставную лестницу своими руками?.
Целесообразность самостоятельного сооружения вполне оправдана, так как сфера использования приставной лестницы довольно многогранна:
Несмотря на весомые преимущества, мобильная стремянка имеет и некоторые недостатки:
Наиболее прочными и долговечными считаются металлические лестницы. Простую модель вполне можно сделать самостоятельно. Для выполнения работы желательно обладать навыками сварки.
Конструктивные требования к лестницам приставного типа
Основное требование к приставным моделям, как и к другим разновидностям лестниц, — безопасность. Планируя конструкцию лестницы и выполняя расчеты, следует придерживаться ряда основных правил:
Важно! Согласно технике безопасности проверку прочностных характеристик приставной лестницы надо проводить ежегодно. Конструкция устанавливается к стене под углом около 70?, а затем на ступени поочередно выставляется грузик весом не менее 100-120 кг.
Типы конструкций приставных лестниц
Различают несколько типов приставных лестниц, каждый из которых имеет конструктивные и эксплуатационные особенности.
Прямолинейные простые лестницы с фиксированными габаритами. Незамысловатая модель из двух опорных балок и прикрепленных ступеней. Такую приставную лестницу своими руками изготовить очень просто. Более функциональны и надежны складные и раздвижные модели.
Складные лестницы (стремянки) состоят из нескольких частей, соединенных шарнирами. Главное достоинство модели компактность и возможность хранения в компактном помещении. Стремянки с площадкою более удобны в использовании, чем прямые конструкции. Для изготовления складной приставной лестницы своими руками обычно используют сплавы алюминия, благодаря чему снижается вес стремянки.
Раскладные модели наиболее востребованы при обустройстве чердачных помещений. Лестница экономит пространство нижнего этажа достаточно потянуть за нижнюю ступень или специальную ручку и конструкция полностью расправится.
Недостатки раскладных модификаций:
Выдвижная лестница с возможностью регулировки высоты. Модели состоят из двух-трех секций, крепежных элементов, направляющих, роликов и фиксаторов высоты. Чтобы лестница не подвела в нужный момент рабочие механизмы необходимо регулярно смазывать.
Выбор материала для изготовления лестницы
Прямые лестницы сегодня изготавливаются преимущественно из металла, а традиционные деревянные конструкции становятся менее востребованными.
Отличительные особенности металлических приставных лестниц:
Деревянная лестница проста в изготовлении, но требовательна к условиям хранения и эксплуатации. При слишком сухом воздухе древесина рассыхается, материал ослабевает, и могут появиться трещины. Под действием высокой влажности деревянная лестница подвергается гниению. Чтобы сократить риски разрушения конструкции необходимо регулярно обрабатывать древесину защитными средствами.
Важно! Деревянные приставные лестницы выдерживают нагрузку до 150 кг.
При проведении электромонтажных работ нередко используют раздвижные лестницы из стеклопластика материал защищает от поражения током.
Приставная лестница из профильной трубы своими руками
Чертежи приставных лестниц
Изготовление приставных лестниц своими руками начинается с разработки чертежа. Необходимо схематически отобразить основные параметры лестничной конструкции:
В качестве примера для создания эскиза подойдут имеющиеся схемы из интернета.
Приставная металлическая лестница своими руками: чертежи различных модификаций.
Чердачные приставные лестницы руками: чертежи и схемы. Видео
Необходимые инструменты и материалы
Для создания простой металлической лестницы понадобятся следующие материалы:
Из инструментов под рукой надо иметь:
Порядок сборки приставной лестницы
Рассмотрим пошагово, как сделать приставную лестницу своими руками. Схема сборки следующая:
Как сделать приставную деревянную лестницу своими руками: советы специалистов
При создании прямой лестницы или стремянки из древесины необходимо учитывать следующие моменты:
Совет. Шиповое соединение в деревянных конструкциях наиболее прочное. Подготовить гнездо и шип получится при помощи долота, киянкиили электродрели в подставке.
Техника безопасности при работе на приставной лестнице
Приставные модели не оснащены самостоятельной опорой, поэтому знание основ техники безопасности поможет предотвратить падение и получение травм.
На приставной лестнице запрещается:
Соблюдение технологии конструирования и эксплуатации приставной лестницы залог безопасного выполнения различных работ на высоте.
Изготовление приставной лестницы из металлических профилей: видео
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