Одним из самых распространённых силовых проводников является кабель КГН. Он является усовершенствованной (маслостойкой и устойчивой к горению) разновидностью популярного проводника КГ. Этот тип кабеля пользуется широкой популярностью у электриков, потому что подходит для подключения электроприборов с высокой мощностью.
У названия КГН достаточно простая и понятная расшифровка: К – кабель, Г – гибкий, а Н – это символ, который обозначает изоляционный слой, изготовленный из негорючей маслостойкой резины. Существует несколько вариантов данного проводника: КГ-ХЛ для холодного климата и КГ-Т – для тропиков.
Сфера применения
Технические параметры кабеля КГН позволяют использовать его в условиях повышенной влажности и даже под водой (в реках, озерах). Изначально данный проводник был разработан для эксплуатации в сфере судостроения. Он широко используется в помещениях с высокой влажностью воздуха и наличием конденсации влаги на стенах и потолке. К числу подобных помещений относятся подвалы и помещения на кораблях.
Кроме того, кабель может использоваться в различных агрессивных средах, например, в шахте для подключения передвижного электрического оборудования. Устойчивость к воздействию дезинфицирующих растворов и смазочных масел позволяет использовать его в сельском хозяйстве. А вот для подземной прокладки рекомендуется применять бронированный медный проводник, например, ВБбШв.
КГН может эксплуатироваться в помещениях с естественной вентиляцией при условии, что кабель не подвергается воздействию атмосферных осадков и солнечных лучей. Прокладка КГН на открытой местности возможна только в том случае, если проводник защищен от солнечного воздействия. Это объясняется тем, что его изоляция разрушается под воздействием ультрафиолетовых лучей.
Конструкция кабеля
Кабель состоит из медных токопроводящих жил в количестве от 1 до 5. Сечение каждой жилы варьируется от 1 до 240 мм. Конструкция проводника выглядит следующим образом:
Жила, изготовленная из меди и обеспечивающая проведение тока. Жила характеризуется многопроволочной структурой и круглой формой. Класс гибкости – 5 (согласно ГОСТ 22483).
Разделительный слой, который не допускает прилипания изоляции к поверхности жилы. Данный слой представляет собой синтетическую пленку марки ПЭТ-Э.
Изоляционный слой. Каждую жилу покрывает изоляция, изготовленная из резины типа РТИ-1 на основе каучуков. Цветовая маркировка изоляционных покрытий жил (фазных, нулевых и заземляющих) выполнена в соответствии с существующими нормами.
Разделительный слой, который предотвращает прилипание внутренней изоляции к внешней оболочке кабеля. В качестве разделительного слоя может использоваться тальк или синтетическая пленка марки ПЭТ-Э.
Внешняя оболочка, произведенная из маслостойкой резины, которая не распространяет горение. Это резина РШН-1, изготовленная на основе полихлоропрена. Данная оболочка придает кабелю повышенные эксплуатационные характеристики. Наличие такое оболочки – основное отличие кабеля КГН от проводника КГ.
Если электрокабель КГН – многожильный, то жилы скручиваются между собой с шагом, которой не превышает 16 диаметров по всей длине изделия.
Основные параметры проводника
Главный вопрос, который интересует потребителей, — каковы технические характеристики кабеля КГН? Итак, данный проводник изготавливается в соответствии с ТУ 16.К73.О5-93 и характеризуется следующими параметрами:
Частота переменного тока составляет 400 Гц.
Переменное номинальное напряжение – 0,66 кВ, а постоянное – 1 кВ.
Минимально допустимый радиус изгиба при прокладке проводника – 8 наружных диаметров.
Рабочая температура стандартного изделия КГН варьируется в пределах от -30 до +50 градусов по Цельсию. Тропический вариант конструкции КГН-Т может эксплуатироваться при температуре от -10 до +55 градусов.
Максимальный допустимый нагрев жил кабеля в процессе работы – не выше +75 градусов.
Прокладку кабеля без предварительного подогрева можно осуществлять при температуре окружающей среды не ниже -15 градусов.
Строительная длина кабеля сечением 35 мм2 – не менее 150 м, сечением 50-120 мм2 – 125 м и больше, сечением от 155 мм2 – не меньше 100 м. Гарантийный срок эксплуатации КГН составляет 6 месяцев с момента начала использования кабельной линии, но при этом не более 1 года с момента производства. Срок службы кабеля составляет 2,5 года со дня изготовления.
Крупнейшими отечественными производителями КГН являются Кольчугинский завод «Электрокабель», а также «Рыбинсккабель», «Камкабель», «Севкабель». Они изготавливают самую надежную и качественную продукцию. Зарубежным аналогом данного проводника считается марка NSSHOU.
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