Практически каждый житель квартиры или частного дома хотя бы однажды задавался вопросом о том, что делать если искрит розетка? Появление искр – очень опасный признак, он свидетельствуют о том, что, источник электросети перегревается. Если не устранить эту проблему, то пластиковый корпус устройства начнёт плавиться, контакты будут подгорать. Впоследствии это может привести к воспламенению проводки, пожару. Также возникает риск поражения человека электрическим током и короткого замыкания. Чтобы понять, как избежать нежелательных последствий, нужно сначала выяснить, в чём причина неисправности.
Несоответствие стандартов
Довольно часто искрится и трещит розетка, если вилка и разъемы электроточки не соответствуют друг другу. В постсоветских странах используются штепсельные вилки и электророзетки двух стандартов: советского (С), Shuko. Советский стандарт используются всё реже, а современные приборы и электроинструменты оснащаются вилками стандарта Shuko.
Основное отличие этих двух стандартов заключается в диаметре электрода вилки. Так, вилка Shuko оснащается электродами диаметром 4,8 мм, а вилка советского образца имеет электрод 4 мм. Однако расстояние между электродами у штепселей этих двух стандартов одинаковое, поэтому люди часто игнорируют различия и в розетку одного стандарта вставляют вилку другого стандарта.
Если розетка советского образца используется для подключения вилки стандарта Shuko с надежным контактом, то можно услышать треск в розетке, но ничего страшного не произойдёт. Но вот если советскую вилку с тонкими электродами попытаться вставить в электророзетку стандарта Shuko, то контакт получится слабым и искрение в розетке начнется даже при минимальной нагрузке. Сначала она будет едва заметным, но впоследствии возможно оплавление корпуса электроточки и вилки, и даже замыкание в сети.
Чтобы не допускать такого развития событий, нужно следить за тем, чтобы вилка и электророзетка подходили друг другу.
Перегрузка по току
Наиболее распространённая причина, почему искрит розетка, — перегрузка по току. Номинальный ток указан на пластиковом корпусе электроточки, но проблема в том, что пользователи не разбираются в данной информации. Большинство из них не может соотнести Амперы с мощностью подключаемой бытовой техники.
Очень часто искрения в розетке возникают тогда, когда к ней через тройник подключается одновременно несколько мощных электрических приборов. Ток может в несколько раз превышать номинальный. Как результат – шипит розетка, ее контакты перегреваются, температура повышается, происходит замыкание в сети.
Чтобы избежать этого, необходимо следить за степенью загрузки электророзеток. На каждый ампер электрической точки должно приходиться не более 220 ватт нагрузки, то есть для изделия с маркировкой «16 Ампер» предельная включаемая мощность должна составлять 3,5 кВт.
Многие пользователи, думая о том, как избежать короткого замыкания, приобретают двойные электророзетки. Они ошибочно полагают, что двойная конструкция в два раза мощнее одинарной, однако номинал, указанный на корпусе изделия, общий для всех разъёмов. По незнанию пользователи подключают к сети сразу два мощных прибора, как результат – происходит перегрузка сети, коротит розетка. Исключение составляют только так называемые сдвоенные электророзетки. Это конструкции, в которых каждая из частей подключается к отдельной линии.
Что делать если искрит розетка из-за перегрузки? Чаще всего – только заменить ее на новую.
Износ разъемов, ослабление винтовых зажимов
Еще одна причина, почему искрит розетка, — это износ разъема. Такое происходит, если вилку часто вытаскивают из разъема, вставляют обратно. Зажимы ослабевают и не могут достаточно сильно сжимать электроды. Контакты ослабляются, происходит нагрев, в результате шумит розетка. Если происходящее вовремя заметить, то достаточно разобрать конструкцию и при помощи пассатижей поджать губки. После этого изделие можно продолжать использовать. Если же электророзетку замкнуло, то остаётся только заменить ее.
Частая причина, почему коротит розетка, — использование алюминиевых проводов. Алюминий со временем вытекает из-под зажима, поэтому соединение нужно периодически подтягивать. Если этого не делать, то контакт разъема и провода будет ухудшаться.
Низкое качество электророзеток
Еще одна распространенная причина, почему трещит в розетке, — использование низкокачественной, преимущественно китайской продукции. Эти изделия отличаются плохой сборкой: запчасти из металла очень тонкие, контакты слабо затянуты, крепления недостаточно надежные, пластик слишком мягкий. Как результат – недостаточный контакт вилки с источником электрической сети. Единственное возможное решение этой проблемы – замена китайской продукции на более дорогую, например, Legrand, ABB или Jung.
Методы профилактики неисправностей
Если шипит розетка, то приходится выполнять ее замену. Специалисты рекомендуют проводить профилактические мероприятия, позволяющие предотвратить порчу электроточек и проводки. Профилактика включает следующие действия:
Ревизия электрической проводки хотя бы один раз в 12 месяцев. Визуальный осмотр дает возможность своевременно обнаружить неисправности.
Вставка и вынимание штепсельной вилки только при выключенном питании электрического прибора. Так, телевизор, стиральную машину или другой предмет техники нужно сначала подключить к электросети, а затем включить кнопкой. При выключении прибора сначала осуществляется отключение при помощи кнопки, а затем выдергивается вилка из сети.
Установка автоматического выключателя на розеточную линию. Подобное оборудование позволяет предотвратить токовые перегрузки, и, как следствие, обезопасить источник сети и предотвратить порчу бытовой техники.
Монтаж влагозащитных источников электросети в помещениях с высокой влажностью, например, в ванных комнатах или банях.
Соблюдение мер предосторожности позволяет не только уберечь технику от порчи и избежать затрат на ремонт, но и существенно снизить риски для жизни и здоровья жильцов квартиры.
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