Монтаж кабеля для розеток – ответственное дело, для его выполнения нужны навыки проведения электротехнических работ, а также правильно подобранная проводка для жилого дома. В каждой квартире имеется множество бытовых приборов, в том числе мощных и потребляющих значительное количество электроэнергии, поэтому собственник, планирующий проведение ремонта, закономерно задается вопросом о том, какой кабель для розеток лучше выбрать. Ассортимент соответствующих товаров на рынке просто огромен, поэтому сложно сделать правильный выбор и приобрести такой товар, который будет безопасен в использовании и долговечен.
Выбор материала, конструкции
Итак, какой провод для розеток в квартире лучше использовать? Кабельная продукция по составу жил подразделяется на алюминиевую и медную. Изделия первого типа использовались в прошлом, однако сейчас их применение запрещено требованиями правил устройства электроустановок (ПУЭ). Изменения правил по сравнению с советским периодом обусловлено тем, что в последние годы происходит развитие электроники и в квартирах появляется больше бытовых приборов. Соответственно, проводка для дома должна выдерживать более высокие нагрузки.
В настоящее время для производства кабельной продукции используется медь. Изделия из неё отличаются более высокой надежностью, чем алюминиевые аналоги, а также, меньшим сопротивлением и нагревом, более высокими показателями тока. Кроме того, медь меньше подвержена окислению и более пластична, чем алюминий, поэтому изделия из неё дольше служат без потери свойств.
Проводники на розетки в квартирах подразделяются на две группы с точки зрения конструкции. Они бывают одножильными или многожильными. Первые из них более жесткие (особенно если сечение кабеля для проводки большое), поэтому используются не часто. Если мастера интересует, какой кабель для розеток использовать под штукатурку, то можно ответить, что ему подойдет как одножильный, так и многожильный вариант, поскольку штукатурка создает дополнительную защиту для проводника. Однако сейчас мало кто формирует домашнюю электрическую сеть одножильными проводниками.
Почти все жилые помещения оснащаются многожильными кабельными изделиями, так как они более мягкие и пластичные, чем одножильные. Их можно перегибать и поворачивать, они подходят как для открытой проводки, так и скрытой под штукатуркой.
Правильный подбор сечения
Итак, какой провод для розеток в квартире используется чаще всего? В соответствии с современными требованиями ПУЭ – трехжильный или пятижильный, с заземлением. Сечение кабеля для дома должно быть не менее 1,5 мм2 для линий групповых сетей, то есть на участках от щитков до розеток, осветительной техники и других приемников электрической энергии.
Однако эти нормативы актуальны для тех случаев, когда в помещении эксплуатируется минимальное количество бытовой техники. А какого сечения должен быть провод для розеток, если в доме имеется множество электрических приборов? Электропроводка должна прокладываться с учетом прогнозируемой нагрузки:
Для розеток. Сечение кабеля на розетки должно составлять не менее 2,5 мм2, потому что при использовании мощных электроприборов нагрузка достигает 3-4 кВт. Проводник 2,5 мм2 рассчитан на максимальную мощность до 5,9 кВт и ток до 27 Ампер. Однако это не означает, что линию необходимо нагружать до упора. Выбор должен делаться с запасом от предполагаемой нагрузки на 1/3. Кроме того, проводник, расположенный под штукатуркой, охлаждается слабее, чем его аналог, находящийся на поверхности. Данная рекомендация актуальна для трехжильной кабельной продукции, если же используется пятижильная, то достаточно 1,5 мм2 для одной жилы, это позволит проводке выдерживать нагрузку до 10,5 кВт.
Для осветительного контура. Сечение кабеля для приборов освещения может составлять всего 1,5 мм2, так как в этом случае нагрузка ниже. Перегрузки не произойдет, даже если жильцы решат устроить иллюминацию в своей квартире.
Одножильный кабель под проводку сейчас не практически не используется, потому что действующие нормы электробезопасности требуют заземлять бытовые приборы и устанавливать специальные розетки, соответственно, для прокладки используется трехжильный провод, в котором присутствуют рабочий фазный проводник, нулевой рабочий, а также нулевой защитный проводник.
Если начинающему мастеру нужно узнать количество проводящих жил кабеля для розеток, а также их сечение, то ему следует посмотреть маркировку изделия, она содержит основные характеристики продукции. Кроме цифровых обозначений маркировка также включает буквенные обозначения, они указывают на гибкость изделия, материалы жил, изоляции и оболочки.
Выбор марки проводника
Итак, мы выяснили, какое сечение провода лучше выбирать для квартиры и жилого дома, а теперь обсудим не менее важный вопрос – марку какого провода нужно покупать для тех или иных целей. Существует множество марок кабельной продукции, однако не все они пригодны к использованию в жилых помещениях. Некоторые марки широко применялись в прошлом, но были запрещены к использованию новыми нормативами.
ВВГ
Это наиболее распространенный проводник отечественного производства, применяемый для электромонтажа в жилых помещениях. Он оснащен одножильными медными проводниками, изоляцией и оболочкой из ПВХ, может использоваться в помещениях с нормальной или повышенной влажностью. Способен выдержать напряжение до 660 В. Может содержать от 1 до 5 жил, сечение провода для розеток этого типа – от 1,5 мм2. Проводник может быть круглым, треугольным или плоским.
Существует несколько модификаций ВВГ:
ВВГ. Основной вид, оснащённый виниловой изоляцией, оболочкой.
ВВГнг. Отличается от основного типа наличием негорючего силового провода и самозатухающей изоляции. Если возникает возгорание, то оно не распространяется и быстро прекращается.
ВВГнг-LS. Дополнительно покрывается оболочкой с низким дымовыделением. При горении не только быстро затухает, но и выделяет минимальное количество дыма.
ВВГнг FR-LS. Имеет дополнительную защиту от огня из слюдяной ленты.
Все типы, имеющие приставку «нг», могут устанавливаться пучками. То есть, в одной трубе можно проложить несколько кабельных линий. Для прокладывания электропроводки в квартире лучше выбирать ВВГнг или ВВГнг-LS. Также эти марки используется на предприятиях с повышенной пожароопасностью и в деревянных домах.
NYM
Какой кабель использовать для дома, кроме ВВГ? На рынке также представлен продукт марки NYM, разработанный в Германии. Сейчас он производится и на российских предприятиях, он соответствует ГОСТам, а также нормам Европейского Союза. По характеру исполнения аналогичен ВВГнг, максимальное напряжение 660 В.
Каким бывает сечение кабеля для квартиры у этой марки? Сейчас производится многожильная однопроволочная продукция 1,5-10 мм2 и многопроволочная от 16 мм2 и более. Количество жил варьируется от 1 до 5, изделие покрывается оболочкой из ПВХ и изоляцией. Негорючесть обеспечивается резиновым наполнителем, расположенным между изоляцией каждой жилы и кабельной оболочкой.
Если покупателю нужен для квартиры хороший провод, то следует избегать покупки дешевых подделок, в частности, изделий с маркировкой NUM, так как это копия NYM со сниженными характеристиками.
Продукция, использование которой не рекомендуется
Кроме тех видов кабельной продукции, которые рекомендуются к использованию в жилых домах, есть также виды, применение которых запрещено действующими правилами. К этой группе относятся изделия нескольких типов.
ПВС
Это медный провод с виниловой изоляцией и оболочкой. Сечение кабеля для подключения бытовой техники варьируются от 0,75 до 10 мм2, жила имеет многопроволочную структуру, количество проводников – от 2 до 6, номинал напряжения – 380 В.
Почему специалисты рекомендуют не брать ПВС для розетки из соображений экономии? На то есть несколько причин:
ПВС имеет многопроволочные жилы, а это означает, что все концы нужно лудить и паять для соединения друг с другом. Выполнение подобной работы требует значительных затрат времени и высокой квалификации электрика.
Многопроволочная конструкция отличается повышенной пожароопасностью (по причине сильного нагрева в процессе эксплуатации). Кроме того, ее изоляция быстро изнашивается из-за постоянного перегрева.
ПВС невозможно прокладывать пучком, нитки нужно укладывать на определённом расстоянии друг от друга.
Всё вышеперечисленное означает, что экономия на самом товаре приводит к повышению затрат на монтаж.
Другие типы
Хотя у ШВВП и ПВВП подходящее сечение кабеля для квартиры, продукцию этих типов нежелательно использовать для подключения крупной бытовой техники и электрического оборудования. Данные разновидности проводников отличаются слабыми эксплуатационными характеристиками, коротким сроком службы, отсутствием негорючей изоляции. Кроме того, они сложны в монтаже – их окончания нужно обрабатывать и паять.
Изделия типа ПУНП широко использовались во времена СССР, но с 2007 года они запрещены к использованию из-за ненадежности, слабой изоляции, недостаточной мощности.
Требования к оболочке и изоляции
Электрику важно знать, провод какого сечения подходит для подключения электроприборов и какой оболочкой он должен быть покрыт. Изоляция должна быть изготовлена из ПВХ пластиката, сшитого полиэтилена или полимеров, ее толщина по ГОСТу – 0,6 мм (допускаются некоторые отклонения, но изоляционный слой должен быть не тоньше 0,44 мм). Кроме изоляции, которая покрывают каждую жилу, есть также оболочка, охватывающая провод для розетки целиком и выполняющая защитную функцию. Для многожильных кабелей толщина равняется 1,8 мм, для одножильных – 1,4 мм.
I have seen that good real estate agents everywhere are getting set to FSBO Marketing. They are realizing that it’s not only placing a sign in the front area. It’s really pertaining to building associations with these retailers who at some point will become customers. So, while you give your time and efforts to helping these dealers go it alone : the «Law connected with Reciprocity» kicks in. Great blog post.
Another thing is that while looking for a good on-line electronics shop, look for web shops that are continuously updated, maintaining up-to-date with the newest products, the perfect deals, and helpful information on products and services. This will ensure you are doing business with a shop that stays over the competition and give you what you ought to make knowledgeable, well-informed electronics buying. Thanks for the significant tips I have learned through the blog.
I have learned newer and more effective things from your blog post. One more thing to I have observed is that typically, FSBO sellers will certainly reject people. Remember, they can prefer never to use your products and services. But if you actually maintain a gradual, professional relationship, offering help and staying in contact for about four to five weeks, you will usually have the ability to win a conversation. From there, a listing follows. Many thanks
Based on my observation, after a in foreclosure home is sold at a sale, it is common for that borrower in order to still have any remaining balance on the bank loan. There are many loan merchants who try to have all expenses and liens repaid by the up coming buyer. Even so, depending on particular programs, restrictions, and state regulations there may be a few loans which aren’t easily resolved through the exchange of loans. Therefore, the responsibility still lies on the client that has got his or her property in foreclosure process. Many thanks sharing your thinking on this site.
Thanks for your information on this blog. One thing I would like to say is the fact that purchasing consumer electronics items through the Internet is nothing new. The fact is, in the past ten years alone, the marketplace for online gadgets has grown drastically. Today, you’ll find practically virtually any electronic gadget and product on the Internet, ranging from cameras and also camcorders to computer parts and video games consoles.
One thing I have actually noticed is always that there are plenty of beliefs regarding the banking institutions intentions when talking about home foreclosure. One misconception in particular would be the fact the bank needs to have your house. The lender wants your dollars, not the home. They want the amount of money they lent you with interest. Keeping away from the bank will still only draw the foreclosed summary. Thanks for your write-up.
Out of my examination, shopping for consumer electronics online can for sure be expensive, nevertheless there are some tips that you can use to obtain the best bargains. There are usually ways to locate discount deals that could make one to ge thet best technology products at the lowest prices. Thanks for your blog post.
According to my study, after a the foreclosure home is available at a sale, it is common for any borrower to be able to still have the remaining balance on the bank loan. There are many loan companies who try and have all fees and liens paid by the following buyer. However, depending on particular programs, polices, and state laws and regulations there may be quite a few loans which aren’t easily sorted out through the shift of lending options. Therefore, the responsibility still lies on the client that has got his or her property in foreclosure. Thank you sharing your notions on this weblog.
Thanks for your posting. What I want to say is that while looking for a good on the web electronics go shopping, look for a site with complete information on key elements such as the privacy statement, protection details, any payment guidelines, along with terms in addition to policies. Usually take time to look into the help in addition to FAQ sections to get a superior idea of the way the shop works, what they are able to do for you, and ways in which you can make use of the features.
Some tips i have generally told folks is that while looking for a good internet electronics shop, there are a few factors that you have to factor in. First and foremost, you should make sure to locate a reputable and reliable retail store that has received great critiques and rankings from other shoppers and market sector experts. This will ensure you are getting through with a well-known store to provide good services and support to it’s patrons. Many thanks sharing your thinking on this website.
According to my study, after a foreclosures home is bought at a bidding, it is common with the borrower in order to still have some sort ofthat remaining balance on the bank loan. There are many loan providers who attempt to have all service fees and liens repaid by the future buyer. Nonetheless, depending on certain programs, restrictions, and state laws and regulations there may be quite a few loans that aren’t easily sorted out through the shift of personal loans. Therefore, the obligation still lies on the consumer that has obtained his or her property in foreclosure. Thank you sharing your opinions on this blog site.
Based on my research, after a foreclosures home is marketed at a bidding, it is common with the borrower in order to still have any remaining unpaid debt on the mortgage loan. There are many loan providers who make an effort to have all rates and liens paid by the future buyer. Nevertheless, depending on particular programs, laws, and state legislation there may be some loans that aren’t easily resolved through the switch of lending products. Therefore, the obligation still lies on the consumer that has had his or her property foreclosed on. Many thanks sharing your thinking on this blog.
Thanks for your article. What I want to comment on is that when searching for a good on the internet electronics store, look for a website with total information on important factors such as the privacy statement, security details, payment options, and also other terms and also policies. Often take time to read the help along with FAQ segments to get a much better idea of what sort of shop is effective, what they can do for you, and the way you can use the features.
Via my observation, shopping for electronics online may be easily expensive, but there are some how-to’s that you can use to help you get the best products. There are usually ways to discover discount offers that could make one to hold the best electronic products products at the lowest prices. Thanks for your blog post.
One thing I have actually noticed is the fact there are plenty of common myths regarding the banking institutions intentions any time talking about foreclosures. One delusion in particular is the fact that the bank desires your house. The lending company wants your hard earned dollars, not your property. They want the cash they gave you together with interest. Preventing the bank will only draw a new foreclosed realization. Thanks for your write-up.
Thanks for your write-up. One other thing is individual states have their unique laws that affect property owners, which makes it quite hard for the the legislature to come up with a new set of guidelines concerning property foreclosures on homeowners. The problem is that each state offers own legal guidelines which may have impact in an unwanted manner in terms of foreclosure policies.
I think that a foreclosure can have a important effect on the borrower’s life. Mortgage foreclosures can have a Seven to decade negative relation to a debtor’s credit report. A borrower who may have applied for a mortgage or virtually any loans even, knows that the worse credit rating is definitely, the more hard it is to obtain a decent mortgage loan. In addition, it could affect the borrower’s power to find a reasonable place to let or rent, if that results in being the alternative real estate solution. Interesting blog post.
Thanks for your content. One other thing is when you are disposing your property yourself, one of the problems you need to be aware of upfront is just how to deal with home inspection reviews. As a FSBO home owner, the key about successfully switching your property and saving money about real estate agent commissions is knowledge. The more you are aware of, the smoother your sales effort is going to be. One area exactly where this is particularly critical is inspection reports.
Thanks for your posting. What I want to comment on is that when looking for a good on-line electronics go shopping, look for a site with entire information on important factors such as the security statement, protection details, payment options, and also other terms and also policies. Constantly take time to see the help and also FAQ pieces to get a greater idea of the way the shop will work, what they are capable of doing for you, and exactly how you can maximize the features.
I have noticed that smart real estate agents all around you are getting set to FSBO Promoting. They are noticing that it’s more than merely placing a sign in the front area. It’s really pertaining to building relationships with these suppliers who sooner or later will become purchasers. So, whenever you give your time and efforts to helping these suppliers go it alone — the «Law regarding Reciprocity» kicks in. Good blog post.
Thanks for your post. One other thing is that if you are promoting your property by yourself, one of the issues you need to be mindful of upfront is how to deal with property inspection reports. As a FSBO retailer, the key about successfully switching your property as well as saving money with real estate agent profits is knowledge. The more you recognize, the smoother your sales effort are going to be. One area when this is particularly significant is inspection reports.
Based on my research, after a the foreclosure home is bought at a sale, it is common for your borrower to still have a remaining balance on the personal loan. There are many creditors who try and have all expenses and liens paid by the following buyer. Nevertheless, depending on a number of programs, polices, and state legislation there may be a few loans which aren’t easily fixed through the exchange of personal loans. Therefore, the responsibility still lies on the debtor that has had his or her property in foreclosure process. Thanks for sharing your opinions on this website.
Thanks for sharing your ideas with this blog. Furthermore, a fantasy regarding the finance institutions intentions if talking about foreclosure is that the lender will not take my installments. There is a fair bit of time in which the bank is going to take payments every now and then. If you are also deep in the hole, they’re going to commonly call that you pay the payment fully. However, that doesn’t mean that they will have any sort of installments at all. Should you and the loan company can be capable to work something out, a foreclosure procedure may halt. However, when you continue to miss out on payments within the new approach, the foreclosed process can just pick up where it left off.
Thanks for your posting. What I want to comment on is that when searching for a good internet electronics store, look for a web page with entire information on critical factors such as the privacy statement, safety measures details, any payment procedures, along with other terms and policies. Often take time to see the help in addition to FAQ sections to get a better idea of how a shop operates, what they are capable of doing for you, and ways in which you can maximize the features.
Thanks for your write-up. What I want to point out is that when you are evaluating a good internet electronics store, look for a web page with complete information on critical indicators such as the personal privacy statement, basic safety details, any payment guidelines, along with terms as well as policies. Constantly take time to look at help in addition to FAQ sections to get a far better idea of how the shop functions, what they can perform for you, and exactly how you can maximize the features.
Thanks for your write-up. One other thing is individual states in the United states of america have their own personal laws of which affect householders, which makes it very hard for the our elected representatives to come up with a brand new set of guidelines concerning foreclosed on property owners. The problem is that each state features own laws and regulations which may interact in an adverse manner with regards to foreclosure policies.
I have noticed that over the course of building a relationship with real estate homeowners, you’ll be able to get them to understand that, in most real estate purchase, a percentage is paid. All things considered, FSBO sellers tend not to «save» the commission payment. Rather, they struggle to earn the commission by means of doing a great agent’s task. In completing this task, they commit their money in addition to time to conduct, as best they’re able to, the assignments of an representative. Those obligations include getting known the home by means of marketing, showing the home to all buyers, building a sense of buyer desperation in order to induce an offer, preparing home inspections, dealing with qualification investigations with the loan company, supervising maintenance, and facilitating the closing of the deal.
Based on my research, after a the foreclosure home is offered at a sale, it is common for your borrower to still have any remaining unpaid debt on the mortgage loan. There are many loan companies who try and have all charges and liens repaid by the following buyer. Nonetheless, depending on certain programs, rules, and state legal guidelines there may be several loans which aren’t easily resolved through the shift of financial products. Therefore, the obligation still remains on the customer that has got his or her property in foreclosure process. Thanks for sharing your opinions on this website.
The things i have always told folks is that while looking for a good on the net electronics store, there are a few issues that you have to think about. First and foremost, you need to make sure to choose a reputable along with reliable shop that has enjoyed great opinions and ratings from other individuals and market sector leaders. This will ensure you are getting along with a well-known store providing you with good service and support to its patrons. Thanks for sharing your notions on this blog.
Something else is that while looking for a good on the web electronics store, look for online shops that are regularly updated, preserving up-to-date with the most current products, the most effective deals, plus helpful information on products and services. This will ensure you are handling a shop that really stays ahead of the competition and give you what you should need to make knowledgeable, well-informed electronics expenditures. Thanks for the critical tips I have learned through your blog.
Thanks for your write-up. One other thing is that if you are advertising your property yourself, one of the troubles you need to be mindful of upfront is how to deal with household inspection accounts. As a FSBO retailer, the key concerning successfully switching your property in addition to saving money on real estate agent commission rates is information. The more you already know, the more stable your sales effort are going to be. One area exactly where this is particularly vital is home inspections.
Thanks for your tips about this blog. Just one thing I would choose to say is that often purchasing electronic products items on the Internet is certainly not new. In truth, in the past 10 years alone, the market for online gadgets has grown a great deal. Today, you can get practically any specific electronic tool and other gadgets on the Internet, from cameras plus camcorders to computer spare parts and gambling consoles.
Another thing is that while searching for a good internet electronics retail outlet, look for web shops that are frequently updated, preserving up-to-date with the most recent products, the perfect deals, and also helpful information on services. This will make certain you are doing business with a shop that stays over the competition and offers you things to make intelligent, well-informed electronics purchases. Thanks for the important tips I’ve learned through the blog.
Thanks for your post. One other thing is individual American states have their own laws which affect home owners, which makes it very difficult for the the nation’s lawmakers to come up with a whole new set of rules concerning property foreclosures on home owners. The problem is that a state possesses own laws which may interact in a negative manner with regards to foreclosure policies.
I have learned newer and more effective things from your blog post. Also a thing to I have found is that in many instances, FSBO sellers will probably reject anyone. Remember, they will prefer not to use your solutions. But if an individual maintain a steady, professional romance, offering help and being in contact for four to five weeks, you will usually have the ability to win a discussion. From there, a house listing follows. Thanks a lot
Thanks for giving your ideas on this blog. Additionally, a fantasy regarding the finance institutions intentions whenever talking about property foreclosure is that the loan company will not have my payments. There is a degree of time that the bank is going to take payments in some places. If you are as well deep within the hole, they’ll commonly demand that you pay the actual payment entirely. However, that doesn’t mean that they will not take any sort of payments at all. In the event you and the standard bank can seem to work a little something out, a foreclosure practice may end. However, in the event you continue to miss payments underneath the new system, the property foreclosures process can just pick up exactly where it left off.
Thanks for your advice on this blog. One particular thing I would like to say is the fact that purchasing electronics items over the Internet is nothing new. In fact, in the past decade alone, the marketplace for online gadgets has grown noticeably. Today, you can find practically just about any electronic device and devices on the Internet, which include cameras and also camcorders to computer components and gambling consoles.
Thanks for your article. One other thing is always that individual American states have their own laws that affect house owners, which makes it quite hard for the Congress to come up with a fresh set of rules concerning property foreclosures on house owners. The problem is that a state offers own regulations which may have impact in a damaging manner with regards to foreclosure insurance policies.
Yet another thing is that when looking for a good on the net electronics shop, look for web shops that are regularly updated, trying to keep up-to-date with the latest products, the very best deals, as well as helpful information on services. This will make sure that you are dealing with a shop which stays ahead of the competition and provide you what you ought to make knowledgeable, well-informed electronics buys. Thanks for the vital tips I have learned through the blog.