Монтаж кабеля для розеток – ответственное дело, для его выполнения нужны навыки проведения электротехнических работ, а также правильно подобранная проводка для жилого дома. В каждой квартире имеется множество бытовых приборов, в том числе мощных и потребляющих значительное количество электроэнергии, поэтому собственник, планирующий проведение ремонта, закономерно задается вопросом о том, какой кабель для розеток лучше выбрать. Ассортимент соответствующих товаров на рынке просто огромен, поэтому сложно сделать правильный выбор и приобрести такой товар, который будет безопасен в использовании и долговечен.
Выбор материала, конструкции
Итак, какой провод для розеток в квартире лучше использовать? Кабельная продукция по составу жил подразделяется на алюминиевую и медную. Изделия первого типа использовались в прошлом, однако сейчас их применение запрещено требованиями правил устройства электроустановок (ПУЭ). Изменения правил по сравнению с советским периодом обусловлено тем, что в последние годы происходит развитие электроники и в квартирах появляется больше бытовых приборов. Соответственно, проводка для дома должна выдерживать более высокие нагрузки.
В настоящее время для производства кабельной продукции используется медь. Изделия из неё отличаются более высокой надежностью, чем алюминиевые аналоги, а также, меньшим сопротивлением и нагревом, более высокими показателями тока. Кроме того, медь меньше подвержена окислению и более пластична, чем алюминий, поэтому изделия из неё дольше служат без потери свойств.
Проводники на розетки в квартирах подразделяются на две группы с точки зрения конструкции. Они бывают одножильными или многожильными. Первые из них более жесткие (особенно если сечение кабеля для проводки большое), поэтому используются не часто. Если мастера интересует, какой кабель для розеток использовать под штукатурку, то можно ответить, что ему подойдет как одножильный, так и многожильный вариант, поскольку штукатурка создает дополнительную защиту для проводника. Однако сейчас мало кто формирует домашнюю электрическую сеть одножильными проводниками.
Почти все жилые помещения оснащаются многожильными кабельными изделиями, так как они более мягкие и пластичные, чем одножильные. Их можно перегибать и поворачивать, они подходят как для открытой проводки, так и скрытой под штукатуркой.
Правильный подбор сечения
Итак, какой провод для розеток в квартире используется чаще всего? В соответствии с современными требованиями ПУЭ – трехжильный или пятижильный, с заземлением. Сечение кабеля для дома должно быть не менее 1,5 мм2 для линий групповых сетей, то есть на участках от щитков до розеток, осветительной техники и других приемников электрической энергии.
Однако эти нормативы актуальны для тех случаев, когда в помещении эксплуатируется минимальное количество бытовой техники. А какого сечения должен быть провод для розеток, если в доме имеется множество электрических приборов? Электропроводка должна прокладываться с учетом прогнозируемой нагрузки:
Для розеток. Сечение кабеля на розетки должно составлять не менее 2,5 мм2, потому что при использовании мощных электроприборов нагрузка достигает 3-4 кВт. Проводник 2,5 мм2 рассчитан на максимальную мощность до 5,9 кВт и ток до 27 Ампер. Однако это не означает, что линию необходимо нагружать до упора. Выбор должен делаться с запасом от предполагаемой нагрузки на 1/3. Кроме того, проводник, расположенный под штукатуркой, охлаждается слабее, чем его аналог, находящийся на поверхности. Данная рекомендация актуальна для трехжильной кабельной продукции, если же используется пятижильная, то достаточно 1,5 мм2 для одной жилы, это позволит проводке выдерживать нагрузку до 10,5 кВт.
Для осветительного контура. Сечение кабеля для приборов освещения может составлять всего 1,5 мм2, так как в этом случае нагрузка ниже. Перегрузки не произойдет, даже если жильцы решат устроить иллюминацию в своей квартире.
Одножильный кабель под проводку сейчас не практически не используется, потому что действующие нормы электробезопасности требуют заземлять бытовые приборы и устанавливать специальные розетки, соответственно, для прокладки используется трехжильный провод, в котором присутствуют рабочий фазный проводник, нулевой рабочий, а также нулевой защитный проводник.
Если начинающему мастеру нужно узнать количество проводящих жил кабеля для розеток, а также их сечение, то ему следует посмотреть маркировку изделия, она содержит основные характеристики продукции. Кроме цифровых обозначений маркировка также включает буквенные обозначения, они указывают на гибкость изделия, материалы жил, изоляции и оболочки.
Выбор марки проводника
Итак, мы выяснили, какое сечение провода лучше выбирать для квартиры и жилого дома, а теперь обсудим не менее важный вопрос – марку какого провода нужно покупать для тех или иных целей. Существует множество марок кабельной продукции, однако не все они пригодны к использованию в жилых помещениях. Некоторые марки широко применялись в прошлом, но были запрещены к использованию новыми нормативами.
ВВГ
Это наиболее распространенный проводник отечественного производства, применяемый для электромонтажа в жилых помещениях. Он оснащен одножильными медными проводниками, изоляцией и оболочкой из ПВХ, может использоваться в помещениях с нормальной или повышенной влажностью. Способен выдержать напряжение до 660 В. Может содержать от 1 до 5 жил, сечение провода для розеток этого типа – от 1,5 мм2. Проводник может быть круглым, треугольным или плоским.
Существует несколько модификаций ВВГ:
ВВГ. Основной вид, оснащённый виниловой изоляцией, оболочкой.
ВВГнг. Отличается от основного типа наличием негорючего силового провода и самозатухающей изоляции. Если возникает возгорание, то оно не распространяется и быстро прекращается.
ВВГнг-LS. Дополнительно покрывается оболочкой с низким дымовыделением. При горении не только быстро затухает, но и выделяет минимальное количество дыма.
ВВГнг FR-LS. Имеет дополнительную защиту от огня из слюдяной ленты.
Все типы, имеющие приставку «нг», могут устанавливаться пучками. То есть, в одной трубе можно проложить несколько кабельных линий. Для прокладывания электропроводки в квартире лучше выбирать ВВГнг или ВВГнг-LS. Также эти марки используется на предприятиях с повышенной пожароопасностью и в деревянных домах.
NYM
Какой кабель использовать для дома, кроме ВВГ? На рынке также представлен продукт марки NYM, разработанный в Германии. Сейчас он производится и на российских предприятиях, он соответствует ГОСТам, а также нормам Европейского Союза. По характеру исполнения аналогичен ВВГнг, максимальное напряжение 660 В.
Каким бывает сечение кабеля для квартиры у этой марки? Сейчас производится многожильная однопроволочная продукция 1,5-10 мм2 и многопроволочная от 16 мм2 и более. Количество жил варьируется от 1 до 5, изделие покрывается оболочкой из ПВХ и изоляцией. Негорючесть обеспечивается резиновым наполнителем, расположенным между изоляцией каждой жилы и кабельной оболочкой.
Если покупателю нужен для квартиры хороший провод, то следует избегать покупки дешевых подделок, в частности, изделий с маркировкой NUM, так как это копия NYM со сниженными характеристиками.
Продукция, использование которой не рекомендуется
Кроме тех видов кабельной продукции, которые рекомендуются к использованию в жилых домах, есть также виды, применение которых запрещено действующими правилами. К этой группе относятся изделия нескольких типов.
ПВС
Это медный провод с виниловой изоляцией и оболочкой. Сечение кабеля для подключения бытовой техники варьируются от 0,75 до 10 мм2, жила имеет многопроволочную структуру, количество проводников – от 2 до 6, номинал напряжения – 380 В.
Почему специалисты рекомендуют не брать ПВС для розетки из соображений экономии? На то есть несколько причин:
ПВС имеет многопроволочные жилы, а это означает, что все концы нужно лудить и паять для соединения друг с другом. Выполнение подобной работы требует значительных затрат времени и высокой квалификации электрика.
Многопроволочная конструкция отличается повышенной пожароопасностью (по причине сильного нагрева в процессе эксплуатации). Кроме того, ее изоляция быстро изнашивается из-за постоянного перегрева.
ПВС невозможно прокладывать пучком, нитки нужно укладывать на определённом расстоянии друг от друга.
Всё вышеперечисленное означает, что экономия на самом товаре приводит к повышению затрат на монтаж.
Другие типы
Хотя у ШВВП и ПВВП подходящее сечение кабеля для квартиры, продукцию этих типов нежелательно использовать для подключения крупной бытовой техники и электрического оборудования. Данные разновидности проводников отличаются слабыми эксплуатационными характеристиками, коротким сроком службы, отсутствием негорючей изоляции. Кроме того, они сложны в монтаже – их окончания нужно обрабатывать и паять.
Изделия типа ПУНП широко использовались во времена СССР, но с 2007 года они запрещены к использованию из-за ненадежности, слабой изоляции, недостаточной мощности.
Требования к оболочке и изоляции
Электрику важно знать, провод какого сечения подходит для подключения электроприборов и какой оболочкой он должен быть покрыт. Изоляция должна быть изготовлена из ПВХ пластиката, сшитого полиэтилена или полимеров, ее толщина по ГОСТу – 0,6 мм (допускаются некоторые отклонения, но изоляционный слой должен быть не тоньше 0,44 мм). Кроме изоляции, которая покрывают каждую жилу, есть также оболочка, охватывающая провод для розетки целиком и выполняющая защитную функцию. Для многожильных кабелей толщина равняется 1,8 мм, для одножильных – 1,4 мм.
By my examination, shopping for electronic products online may be easily expensive, yet there are some principles that you can use to obtain the best offers. There are often ways to obtain discount offers that could make one to come across the best electronic products products at the cheapest prices. Interesting blog post.
Through my notice, shopping for technology online may be easily expensive, although there are some tips and tricks that you can use to obtain the best offers. There are usually ways to find discount specials that could help make one to come across the best consumer electronics products at the cheapest prices. Interesting blog post.
It’s awesome to pay a quick visit this web site and reading the views of all
friends on the topic of this article, while I am also
eager of getting know-how.
In line with my study, after a foreclosures home is sold at an auction, it is common for any borrower to be able to still have a remaining balance on the personal loan. There are many loan companies who try to have all costs and liens paid back by the following buyer. On the other hand, depending on specific programs, laws, and state legislation there may be a number of loans which are not easily solved through the shift of personal loans. Therefore, the duty still lies on the lender that has acquired his or her property in foreclosure. Many thanks for sharing your ideas on this website.
Based on my study, after a foreclosed home is sold at a bidding, it is common to the borrower to still have the remaining unpaid debt on the mortgage. There are many loan merchants who try to have all expenses and liens paid by the next buyer. Nevertheless, depending on specified programs, polices, and state laws there may be several loans which aren’t easily resolved through the shift of financial products. Therefore, the responsibility still lies on the client that has got his or her property in foreclosure. Many thanks sharing your notions on this blog site.
Something else is that while searching for a good on-line electronics retail outlet, look for web stores that are continually updated, preserving up-to-date with the most current products, the top deals, and also helpful information on services and products. This will ensure that you are dealing with a shop that really stays on top of the competition and give you what you ought to make knowledgeable, well-informed electronics buys. Thanks for the essential tips I have really learned through your blog.
What I have continually told people is that when looking for a good on-line electronics retail outlet, there are a few factors that you have to factor in. First and foremost, you should really make sure to choose a reputable as well as reliable retailer that has gotten great reviews and scores from other customers and business sector leaders. This will make certain you are handling a well-known store to provide good assistance and aid to it’s patrons. Many thanks for sharing your opinions on this site.
Coming from my observation, shopping for electronics online can for sure be expensive, nevertheless there are some guidelines that you can use to help you get the best discounts. There are generally ways to come across discount promotions that could help to make one to have the best technology products at the smallest prices. Great blog post.
One thing I’ve noticed is the fact there are plenty of fallacies regarding the banking institutions intentions any time talking about foreclosures. One myth in particular is always that the bank wishes to have your house. The financial institution wants your hard earned cash, not your property. They want the cash they gave you together with interest. Avoiding the bank is only going to draw any foreclosed summary. Thanks for your publication.
Thanks for your recommendations on this blog. One thing I would choose to say is always that purchasing electronics items in the Internet is nothing new. Actually, in the past 10 years alone, the market for online electronic products has grown noticeably. Today, you’ll find practically virtually any electronic unit and tools on the Internet, ranging from cameras plus camcorders to computer parts and video games consoles.
One thing I’ve noticed is the fact there are plenty of fallacies regarding the banks intentions while talking about foreclosed. One myth in particular is that often the bank prefers to have your house. The lender wants your hard earned dollars, not your house. They want the funds they lent you having interest. Staying away from the bank will still only draw a foreclosed summary. Thanks for your post.
Something else is that when you are evaluating a good on the net electronics store, look for online shops that are continuously updated, keeping up-to-date with the newest products, the most beneficial deals, and also helpful information on products and services. This will ensure you are getting through a shop which stays over the competition and gives you what you need to make knowledgeable, well-informed electronics expenditures. Thanks for the crucial tips I have really learned through your blog.
Thanks for discussing your ideas on this blog. Furthermore, a myth regarding the banks intentions whenever talking about home foreclosure is that the traditional bank will not take my payments. There is a certain amount of time in which the bank can take payments every now and then. If you are too deep inside hole, they’ll commonly desire that you pay the actual payment in whole. However, that doesn’t mean that they will not take any sort of payments at all. In case you and the financial institution can seem to work something out, the particular foreclosure method may halt. However, should you continue to neglect payments underneath the new approach, the property foreclosure process can pick up exactly where it was left off.
Thanks for your information on this blog. Just one thing I would wish to say is that often purchasing gadgets items on the Internet is not new. The fact is, in the past several years alone, the marketplace for online consumer electronics has grown significantly. Today, you will find practically almost any electronic gizmo and product on the Internet, from cameras in addition to camcorders to computer spare parts and video gaming consoles.
According to my study, after a foreclosures home is offered at an auction, it is common for that borrower to still have any remaining unpaid debt on the personal loan. There are many lenders who try to have all expenses and liens paid back by the future buyer. Having said that, depending on specified programs, polices, and state laws there may be a few loans which aren’t easily sorted out through the exchange of financial loans. Therefore, the obligation still rests on the lender that has acquired his or her property foreclosed on. Thank you for sharing your thinking on this weblog.
One thing I’ve noticed is there are plenty of beliefs regarding the lenders intentions while talking about foreclosures. One myth in particular is the fact the bank wishes to have your house. The lender wants your hard earned dollars, not your home. They want the money they loaned you having interest. Avoiding the bank will only draw a foreclosed final result. Thanks for your publication.
It’s my opinion that a foreclosed can have a major effect on the applicant’s life. House foreclosures can have a 6 to a decade negative relation to a client’s credit report. Any borrower who has applied for a mortgage or virtually any loans as an example, knows that your worse credit rating is, the more challenging it is for any decent loan. In addition, it might affect a borrower’s capability to find a good place to let or rent, if that turns into the alternative housing solution. Great blog post.
Thanks for your recommendations on this blog. One particular thing I wish to say is the fact that purchasing gadgets items in the Internet is not something new. In truth, in the past decades alone, the market for online electronic devices has grown substantially. Today, you can find practically virtually any electronic gadget and other gadgets on the Internet, including cameras and also camcorders to computer parts and game playing consoles.
Thanks for your write-up. What I want to comment on is that when searching for a good internet electronics store, look for a website with complete information on important factors such as the level of privacy statement, safety measures details, any payment guidelines, and various terms plus policies. Continually take time to browse the help plus FAQ areas to get a superior idea of how a shop is effective, what they are able to do for you, and exactly how you can take full advantage of the features.
One thing I’ve noticed is always that there are plenty of myths regarding the banking companies intentions while talking about foreclosures. One misconception in particular is that often the bank prefers to have your house. The bank wants your dollars, not your own home. They want the bucks they gave you together with interest. Averting the bank is only going to draw some sort of foreclosed final result. Thanks for your publication.
Thanks for your information on this blog. Just one thing I would wish to say is purchasing electronics items on the Internet is not new. In truth, in the past few years alone, the market for online electronic products has grown considerably. Today, you can get practically any kind of electronic unit and other gadgets on the Internet, from cameras and camcorders to computer components and video gaming consoles.
I do believe that a home foreclosure can have a important effect on the applicant’s life. House foreclosures can have a 6 to few years negative effect on a client’s credit report. A borrower who may have applied for home financing or virtually any loans as an example, knows that a worse credit rating is actually, the more complicated it is to acquire a decent personal loan. In addition, it may possibly affect a borrower’s capability to find a decent place to lease or hire, if that becomes the alternative property solution. Great blog post.
Thanks for your post. What I want to point out is that when looking for a good on the internet electronics shop, look for a web site with complete information on key elements such as the privacy statement, safety details, payment options, as well as other terms in addition to policies. Continually take time to look at help and FAQ sections to get a much better idea of the way the shop operates, what they can perform for you, and ways in which you can maximize the features.
Thanks for your article. What I want to point out is that while searching for a good on-line electronics store, look for a web-site with total information on critical factors such as the personal privacy statement, basic safety details, payment procedures, and also other terms and also policies. Usually take time to investigate the help and FAQ sections to get a much better idea of the way the shop performs, what they can do for you, and exactly how you can make best use of the features.
Thanks for your post. What I want to say is that when you are evaluating a good on the net electronics retail outlet, look for a web-site with full information on critical factors such as the security statement, safety measures details, any payment procedures, along with terms in addition to policies. Often take time to see the help in addition to FAQ segments to get a greater idea of the way the shop functions, what they are capable of doing for you, and just how you can make the most of the features.
It’s my opinion that a foreclosure can have a major effect on the client’s life. Home foreclosures can have a Six to few years negative effect on a applicant’s credit report. A new borrower who may have applied for a home loan or just about any loans for instance, knows that the actual worse credit rating is, the more tough it is for any decent loan. In addition, it may affect a new borrower’s chance to find a quality place to let or rent, if that turns into the alternative houses solution. Interesting blog post.
I think that a property foreclosures can have a important effect on the borrower’s life. Mortgage foreclosures can have a 6 to ten years negative impact on a debtor’s credit report. The borrower who’s applied for a home loan or just about any loans as an example, knows that the actual worse credit rating is definitely, the more difficult it is to acquire a decent mortgage. In addition, it might affect any borrower’s capacity to find a decent place to lease or hire, if that turns into the alternative property solution. Great blog post.
According to my study, after a the foreclosure home is bought at a bidding, it is common for that borrower in order to still have any remaining unpaid debt on the loan. There are many loan companies who try and have all expenses and liens paid off by the up coming buyer. Even so, depending on specific programs, laws, and state guidelines there may be some loans that are not easily settled through the shift of financial products. Therefore, the duty still lies on the client that has acquired his or her property foreclosed on. Thank you sharing your notions on this web site.
Something else is that while looking for a good on the net electronics shop, look for web stores that are frequently updated, preserving up-to-date with the most recent products, the most beneficial deals, as well as helpful information on products and services. This will ensure that you are handling a shop that really stays over the competition and give you what you need to make educated, well-informed electronics buying. Thanks for the essential tips I’ve learned from your blog.
The things i have generally told men and women is that while searching for a good online electronics retail store, there are a few issues that you have to remember to consider. First and foremost, you would like to make sure to locate a reputable along with reliable retail store that has received great reviews and scores from other individuals and market sector professionals. This will ensure that you are getting through with a well-known store that delivers good service and aid to it’s patrons. Many thanks sharing your ideas on this blog site.
Out of my notice, shopping for consumer electronics online may be easily expensive, but there are some tips that you can use to help you get the best discounts. There are continually ways to uncover discount deals that could help make one to buy the best electronics products at the lowest prices. Interesting blog post.
From my investigation, shopping for electronics online may be easily expensive, yet there are some tips and tricks that you can use to obtain the best offers. There are always ways to find discount deals that could make one to ge thet best consumer electronics products at the smallest prices. Interesting blog post.
Thanks for your post. One other thing is always that individual states in the United states of america have their own personal laws which affect people, which makes it extremely tough for the our lawmakers to come up with a new set of rules concerning foreclosure on house owners. The problem is that every state features own regulations which may interact in an unwanted manner on the subject of foreclosure policies.
By my investigation, shopping for electronic products online can for sure be expensive, yet there are some principles that you can use to help you get the best bargains. There are usually ways to find discount specials that could make one to come across the best consumer electronics products at the cheapest prices. Good blog post.
Thanks for discussing your ideas on this blog. Additionally, a fable regarding the finance institutions intentions while talking about foreclosure is that the standard bank will not take my repayments. There is a fair bit of time in which the bank can take payments in some places. If you are very deep within the hole, they may commonly call that you pay the particular payment in whole. However, i am not saying that they will not take any sort of payments at all. In case you and the bank can find a way to work a little something out, this foreclosure course of action may halt. However, in case you continue to skip payments wih the new plan, the foreclosures process can pick up from where it was left off.
The things i have always told persons is that when searching for a good on-line electronics retail outlet, there are a few components that you have to consider. First and foremost, you would like to make sure to look for a reputable plus reliable retailer that has received great reviews and ratings from other consumers and business world leaders. This will ensure that you are dealing with a well-known store providing you with good services and aid to it’s patrons. Thank you for sharing your ideas on this weblog.
I could not refrain from commenting. Very well written!
I think that a foreclosures can have a major effect on the applicant’s life. Property foreclosures can have a Seven to ten years negative effect on a client’s credit report. A new borrower who has applied for a home loan or any loans for that matter, knows that a worse credit rating is usually, the more tough it is for any decent bank loan. In addition, it could possibly affect any borrower’s capacity to find a respectable place to lease or hire, if that gets to be the alternative homes solution. Interesting blog post.
Another thing is that when you are evaluating a good online electronics retail outlet, look for web shops that are consistently updated, always keeping up-to-date with the latest products, the perfect deals, along with helpful information on product or service. This will make sure that you are getting through a shop that really stays on top of the competition and provide you things to make knowledgeable, well-informed electronics acquisitions. Thanks for the crucial tips I have learned through the blog.
Thanks for discussing your ideas on this blog. Likewise, a delusion regarding the financial institutions intentions any time talking about property foreclosure is that the standard bank will not getreceive my payments. There is a certain amount of time in which the bank will require payments every now and then. If you are way too deep within the hole, they’re going to commonly require that you pay the actual payment in full. However, that doesn’t mean that they will not take any sort of installments at all. In case you and the financial institution can manage to work a little something out, the actual foreclosure method may end. However, in case you continue to miss payments beneath new system, the property foreclosures process can just pick up exactly where it left off.
In my opinion that a foreclosure can have a important effect on the debtor’s life. Property foreclosures can have a 7 to a decade negative influence on a debtor’s credit report. Any borrower having applied for a mortgage or virtually any loans as an example, knows that your worse credit rating is, the more tough it is to have a decent mortgage. In addition, it might affect the borrower’s chance to find a respectable place to let or hire, if that turns into the alternative homes solution. Great blog post.
What I have generally told individuals is that when looking for a good on-line electronics shop, there are a few factors that you have to take into account. First and foremost, you would like to make sure to discover a reputable and reliable shop that has enjoyed great reviews and ratings from other customers and business sector experts. This will make certain you are getting through with a well-known store that can offer good service and help to the patrons. Thanks for sharing your ideas on this blog site.
I think that a home foreclosure can have a significant effect on the debtor’s life. Home foreclosures can have a Six to few years negative effect on a applicant’s credit report. A new borrower who have applied for home financing or just about any loans as an example, knows that the worse credit rating is usually, the more complicated it is to have a decent loan. In addition, it may possibly affect the borrower’s power to find a really good place to let or rent, if that results in being the alternative real estate solution. Interesting blog post.
I think that a foreclosures can have a significant effect on the applicant’s life. Foreclosures can have a Seven to 10 years negative influence on a borrower’s credit report. A borrower who’s applied for home financing or virtually any loans even, knows that the worse credit rating will be, the more complicated it is to get a decent loan. In addition, it could affect the borrower’s capability to find a good place to let or hire, if that will become the alternative homes solution. Thanks for your blog post.