Силовые кабели с алюминиевыми токопроводящими жилами пользуются заслуженной популярностью в бытовой и промышленной эксплуатации. Они обладают высокой электропроводностью, стойкостью перед коррозией. Силовой кабель ААШв способен эффективно передавать трехфазный ток от распределительных устройств до потребителей электроэнергии. Может использоваться при подключении неподвижных агрегатов либо оборудования в условиях механической вибрации без воздействия растягивающих усилий. Проводник обеспечивает бесперебойную и надежную подачу электроэнергии для жилых и производственных комплексов.
Что обозначает маркировка и каковы конструктивные особенности
Кабель ААШв отличается добротными электротехническими характеристиками, надежностью, легким весом. На эти качества указывает маркировка изделия. Буквенные символы расшифровываются так:
А – говорит об изготовлении токоведущих жил из алюминия;
А – указывает на то, что броня (защитная оболочка) также сделана из алюминия;
Шв – обозначает свойства наружной изоляции, производимой из поливинилхлоридного пластиката в виде прессованного защитного шланга.
Расшифровка кабеля помогает узнать конструктивные особенности. Основу проводящей конструкции составляет токоведущая жила из алюминия. Она бывает однопроволочной (сечение 25–240 мм2) или многопроволочной (сечение 25–800 мм2). Распространены модификации, имеющие 1, 3, 4 токоведущие жилы.
Алюминиевая жила имеет круглую либо секторную форму. Поясная изоляция обеспечивается использованием специальной бумаги. Она пропитывается маслянисто-канифольным составом с вязкостными изоляционными свойствами.
Специальная бумага используется для двойной изоляции. Первые шары обеспечивают фазную обособленность каждой токоведущей жилы. Вторым шаром осуществляется поясная изоляция вокруг всего сердечника.
Далее наматывается экранирующая лента. Потом следует оболочка из алюминия. Подушку и прослойку составляют битум и пленка ПЭТ. Защитный наружный покров образуется ПВХ пластикатом.
Технические параметры и характеристики
Конструкция ААШв предусматривает отсутствие горючих материалов. Поэтому продукт пожаробезопасен при использовании в быту. При одинарной прокладке не распространяет горение.
Внешний слой из поливинилхлоридного пластиката защищает проводник от коррозийно агрессивной среды. Бронированный пласт делает изделие устойчивым к различным механическим воздействиям.
Главное преимущество ААШв заключается в силовой надежности. Проводник может употребляться в сетях, имеющих постоянное напряжение в 2,5 раза большее, чем номинальные значения переменного напряжения.
Для удобства восприятия информации основные технические характеристики представлены в сводной таблице. Особое внимание стоит обращать на такие параметры, как рабочее напряжение, минимальный радиус изгиба, сроки эксплуатации. Определенность в этих и других показателях поможет определить максимально эффективное использование продукта.
К немаловажным параметрам относятся сечение различных модификаций ААШв, строительная длина, масса в соотношении кг/км. Приводимые данные таблицы помогут сориентироваться с выбором этих параметров.
Области и условия применения
Кабель ААШв рекомендуется к прокладке в земляных траншеях. Грунты могут иметь низкую, среднюю, высокую коррозийную активность при невысоком уровне подвижности. Необходимо обеспечить отсутствие блуждающих токов, воздействие растягивающих усилий.
Изделие может применяться на открытом воздухе. Предусмотрена эксплуатация продукта во многих помещениях и сооружениях промышленных или жилых комплексов. Это могут быть:
каналы;
шахты;
специальные эстакады;
мосты;
различные места с высокой коррозийной активностью (вплоть до частично затапливаемых помещений).
Главное требование для перечисленных эксплуатационных обстоятельств – отсутствие потенциальной опасности от механических повреждений.
ААШв применяется в разнообразных климатических условиях. Допускается использование продукта в умеренных, холодных, тропических атмосферно-климатических районах.
Стабильная работоспособность проводника сохраняется в температурном диапазоне -50… +50°C. Монтажные работы не проводятся при минусовых температурах без предварительного прогрева. Максимальные допуски на нагрев токоведущих жил составляют +70°C. Это – длительно допустимый температурный показатель нагрева алюминиевого сердечника при эксплуатации.
С целью предотвращения повреждений кабель наматывается на барабаны. Так он транспортируется и доставляется до мест прокладки.
ААШв может храниться на открытых площадках (до 2 лет), под навесом (до 5 лет), в закрытых проветриваемых помещениях (до 10 лет). При соблюдении условий хранения и эксплуатации гарантийный срок использования составляет по средним показателям от 4 до 5 лет. Общий срок службы изделия достигает 30 лет.
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