Перед хозяевами квартиры или загородных апартаментов непременно встает проблема замены радиаторов отопления. В квартирах зачастую подлежат замене чугунные батареи, установленные еще во времена постройки дома. Автономные системы отопления также могут дать протечку, результатом которой является замена отопительного прибора. Монтаж батарей отопления своими руками сможет осуществить практически любой человек, если он будет знаком с основными принципами выбора радиаторов, расчета количества секций и правилами монтажа.
Выбор отопительного прибора
Сегодня рынок предлагает большой ассортимент теплотехнического оборудования, рассчитанного на бюджет любого покупателя. Но не всегда дорогое является лучшим.
Выбирая радиаторы, нужно опираться на следующие факторы:
- этажность дома и расположение комнат;
- материал труб;
- необходимость в регулирующих и запорных элементов;
- температуру носителя в системе;
- разводку системы отопления;
- схемы монтажа радиаторов;
- регион проживания.
После тщательного анализа этих факторов приступают к выбору радиатора.
Рынок предлагает следующие виды:
- стальные;
- алюминиевые;
- вакуумные;
- чугунные;
- биметаллические.
Расчет количества секций и необходимые инструменты
Установка батареи отопления производится после подсчета количества секций. Обычно такую информацию можно узнать у продавца. Он вам подскажет необходимое количество секций исходя из площади вашего помещения. Для примерного расчета количества секций можно воспользоваться формулой.
Можно также ориентироваться следующим образом. В помещении, высота потолка которого не более 3 метров, одна секция радиатора способна обогреть 2 кв.м. Если в результате деления площади на 2 получилось не целое число, его округляют в большую сторону.
Для проведения работ по монтажу вам потребуются:
- набор ключей;
- пассатижи;
- шуруповерт;
- дрель;
- строительный уровень;
- набор сверл;
- рулетка и карандаш.
Подготовка к работе
Чтобы совершить замену старого радиатора на новый, требуется отключить подачу теплоносителя. Если на точке отопления установлены вентили, то они перекрываются.
В случае, если батарея подсоединяется к магистрали напрямую, требуется перекрыть весь стояк.
Для подготовки к монтажу необходимо:
- тщательно подготовить все инструменты;
- рассчитать время выполнения работ;
- купить необходимые материалы и комплектующие;
- договориться с компанией, поставляющей теплоноситель, о времени и сроках отключения отопления;
- убедиться, что стояк перекрыт.
Эти требования актуальны зимой, летом же носителя в батареях нет. Поэтому подключение батарей отопления лучше проводить в теплое время года.
Определение места установки
Существуют определенные правила, которыми нужно руководствоваться при замене отопительных приборов:
- расстояние от поверхности пола до радиатора и от радиатора до подоконника должно составлять 10 см и более;
- до стены должно быть не менее 5 см;
- чтобы в верхней части радиатора не было скопления воздуха, его устанавливают с наклоном.
После того как место установки обозначено, производят монтаж кронштейнов, на которых будет висеть батарея.
Сборка радиатора
Обычно поставляемые радиаторы имеют четыре отверстия. Два используют для подключения к магистрали, остальные закрывают воздухоотводящими кранами или заглушками. Сначала в коллекторы вкручивают переходники, а к ним — необходимые коммуникации.
Установка шаровых вентилей поможет в последующем проводить обслуживание батареи без отключения. На свободный верхний коллектор принято устанавливать кран Маевского чтобы избежать возможного завоздушивания.
Монтаж чугунных батарей
При монтаже чугунных батарей рекомендуется разобрать их, подтянуть ниппели, и затем снова собрать.
Устанавливая такой радиатор, нужно учитывать его вес, материал стены. Если поверхность из кирпича либо бетона, используют крепеж, способный выдержать вес батареи с водой. Обычно требуется три настенных кронштейна.
Вешать отопительные агрегаты на стены из гипсокартона или дерева категорически не рекомендуется. Они не выдержат такую нагрузку. В этом случае батарею монтируют на специальную подставку. Чтобы поддержать радиатор в вертикальном положении, используют настенное крепление.
Монтаж алюминиевых радиаторов
Установка батареи отопления самостоятельно должна выполняться с учетом ее особенностей и материала изготовления. Главная характеристика чугунных батарей — их вес. Изделия из алюминия хрупкие и легкие. Следовательно, их установку нужно проводить аккуратно, не трогая упаковку. Такая батарея может получить деформацию даже от удара рукой или инструментом.
Алюминиевый радиатор можно крепить на любую стену. Кронштейны для крепления обычно идут в комплекте.При использовании таких отопительных коллекторов обязательна установка крана Маевского, который используют чтобы спустить воздух из батареи.
Благодаря особенности алюминия внутри корпуса происходят химические реакции с выделением водорода, и если во время его не выпустить, радиатор разорвет.
Когда батарея собрана и повешена, ее подключают к отопительной магистрали, используя для этого сгоны и соединительные втулки.
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