Выбирать тип фундамента нужно очень тщательно. Ведь даже от мелочи или небольших просчётов может завесить его прочность и долговечность. Выбор фундамента в первую очередь опирается на особенности будущей постройки, геодезические свойства почвы и ваши финансовые возможности.
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Особенности столбчатого фундамента из асбестовых труб
Это один из довольно распространённых типов основания для помещения небольшой площадью. Чаще всего его используют для строительства каркасных домов, террас, беседок, летних домиков, теплиц, бань, гаражей, хозблоков и пр. Популярность вызвана бюджетностью и тем, что довольно просто сделать фундамент из асбестовых труб своими руками без использования спецтехники и посторонней помощи.
Основной материал — это асбестовая труба. Он весьма доступный и недорогой. Дополнительно для работы понадобится ручной бур, стандартный бытовой инструмент и бетономешалка. Выбирая данный тип основания, стоит учитывать как его преимущества, так и недостатки.
Преимущества фундамента из асбестовых труб
Недостатки фундамента из асбестовых труб
Этапы возведения столбчатого фундамента из асбестовых труб
Подготовительный
На этом этапе проводятся минимальные расчёты, которые без проблем вы сделаете самостоятельно. Учитывается вид почвы, глубина промерзания и вес конструкции. Также готовится поверхность — делается разметка. Прочность и надёжность фундамента зависит от расстояния опор друг к другу. Идеальным вариантом является расстояние в 1,5 — 2,5 метра.
Делая разметку, особое внимание уделите самым нагруженным участкам постройки: стенам, углам, печи. Опоры погружают на 25 — 30 см ниже, нежели промерзает почва в данной местности. Диаметр лунок определяется видом трубы. Обычно он находится в пределах 15-25 см. С земли опоры выступают примерно на 30 см. Эта цифра не должна превышать 50 см.
Основной
На этом этапе предполагается ряд технологических моментов:
Есть и второй способ монтажа фундамента из асбестовых труб своими руками:
Заключительный этап
Когда цемент схватится, можно строить ростверку и закрывать забиркой. Делают её чаще всего из дерева или каменной кладки. Нужно это для того, чтобы под конструкцию не попадал снег, не скапливалась влага и не «гулял» ветер.
Бывают случаи, когда неправильно рассчитывается нагрузка или допускаются просчёты. Фундамент может перекоситься, просесть или пустить трещины.
В таком случае необходимо дополнительно укрепить траншею в проблемном месте. Сделать это можно разными способами: залить монолитную основу, просверлить отверстия в опорах и вставить армированные прутья или приподнять здание спецтехникой и залить ленточный фундамент в проблемной зоне.
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