27 ноября президент подписал закон о налоге на доход для самозанятых граждан. Он вступит в силу с января 2019 года. Предполагается, что новый режим поможет специалистам, которые работают на себя, легализовать доходы, а тем, кто уже платит налоги, позволит сэкономить.
Что это за налог
Налог для самозанятых ввели, чтобы легализовать доходы частных специалистов от небольшого бизнеса и подработок.
Например, вы сантехник каждый месяц получаете около 30 заказов и зарабатываете до 100 тысяч. Сейчас клиенты отдают вам деньги наличными или переводят на карту. Вы предпочитаете наличные, чтобы налоговая не узнала о ваших доходах.
До появления нового закона вы как сознательный гражданин должны были зарегистрировать ИП или подавать декларацию и платить 13% от дохода — больше 150 тысяч в год.
Это много и сложно, поэтому специалисты часто скрывали свой заработок. ФНС пошла навстречу и предложила ввести очень низкий налог, перечислять который будет просто, без лишних бумажек. По новой системе специалистам предлагают платить всего 4%, если деньги поступают от физлиц, и 6% — если от компаний. Это самый низкий из существующих в России налогов. Теперь всё тот же самозанятый сантехник с доходом 100 тысяч рублей сможет работать легально и платить всего 4 тысячи налога в месяц.
Закон заработает с января 2019 года в тестовом режиме в Москве, Московской и Калужской областях, а также в Татарстане. Сколько продлится эксперимент — неизвестно, но в законе зафиксировано, что в течение следующих 10 лет повышать ставки по налогу государство не будет.
Для кого этот налог
Этот налог можно применить почти ко всем специалистам. К тем, кто ремонтирует квартиры и сантехнику, печёт торты, устанавливает двери, фотографирует, проводит праздники, стрижёт на дому и т.д.
Также налог распространяется на индивидуальных предпринимателей. Они смогут перейти на новый режим или вернуться назад в любое время. Доходы от сдачи жилья в аренду также облагаются новым налогом по сниженной ставке.
Налог распространяется на вас, если:
- Вы работаете в одном из четырёх регионов, в которых проводят налоговый эксперимент: в Москве и области, Калужской области, Татарстане. Прописаны вы при этом можете быть где угодно. Самозанятыми в России смогут также стать иностранцы из Казахстана, Армении, Киргизии, Беларуси.
- Ваш доход за год — не более 2,4 млн рублей. Это примерно 200 тысяч в месяц, но налоговая смотрит именно на годовую выручку. То есть за один месяц вы можете заработать 50, а за другой 300 тысяч — проблем не будет.
- У вас нет наёмных рабочих. Если вы, например, берёте заказы на и распределяете их среди своей бригады, новый режим вам не подходит.
- У вас есть трудовая книжка, но вы подрабатываете дополнительно. Например, если вы работаете учителем, а в выходные дни печёте торты и продаёте их через Инстаграм, доходы от выпечки облагаются налогом для самозанятых.
Вы не можете перейти на новую систему, если:
- Продаёте или перепродаёте готовые товары.
- Оказываете агентские услуги.
- Работаете курьером и при этом принимаете оплату у покупателя и передаёте продавцу.
Для чего он нужен
- Налог — это возможность с минимальными усилиями и затратами легализовать свою деятельность и больше не скрывать прибыль. Специалисты, которые перейдут на новую систему, смогут получать справки о доходах, которые нужны, например, чтобы взять кредит, ипотеку или оформить визу.
- Для ИП новая система — возможность сэкономить. Если деятельность предпринимателя подпадает под условия налога, он сможет перейти на новую систему и платить даже меньше, чем при упрощёнке, не используя при этом кассовый аппарат.
- Официальный бизнес и легальные специалисты вызывают больше доверия у клиентов. После покупки товара или услуги мы привыкли получать чек — это самая простая гарантия ответственности. По новой системе электронные чеки можно будет выписывать в пару кликов — через специальное приложение.
- Налоги пойдут на развитие региона, в котором вы работаете. А почти половина отчислений — на медицинское страхование, чтобы вы могли лечиться бесплатно.
Хочу выйти из тени.что делать?
Зарегистрироваться в системе можно будет через банковские приложения — крупные банки уже заняты их разработкой, либо с помощью специального приложения от ФНС «Мой налог».
Чтобы стать на учёт через «Мой налог», потребуется указать паспортные данные и приложить своё фото. Приходить в налоговую или оформлять декларации не нужно. Вся информация об услугах будет автоматически передаваться в налоговую с каждым новым чеком. В конце месяца вы получите уведомление от ФНС с суммой на оплату и реквизитами. Можно даже настроить приложение, чтобы налог списывался автоматически со счёта в банке.
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