В наши дни очень актуально применение электрического теплого пола, преимущественно при подогреве керамической плитки, обогреве лоджии, бани либо веранды. Также такие полы используют как дополнение к основному виду отопления. Укладка такого пола достаточно проста, если следовать инструкциям.
Схема теплого электрического пола
Структуру электрического пола начиная от нижнего слоя следующая:
- основной черновой пол из бетона, который необходимо выполнять максимально ровно, без впадин и бугорков, чтобы не пережечь кабель;
- теплоизолирующая неплавкая подложка под электрический пол, например, пенополистирол либо пенополиэтилен с отражающим слоем из фольги толщину, которой подбирают соответственно температурным нагрузкам;
- крепежная система, представляющая собой монтажную ленту либо арматурную сетку;
- нагревательный кабель с наличием температурного датчика, который подает информацию на терморегулятор;
- заливка специальной смеси для теплых полов либо цементно-песочная стяжка толщиной около 3-5 сантиметров;
- напольное финишное покрытие, в большинстве случаев плитка, но возможна прокладка и иного покрытия.
Материалы
Электрический теплый пол бывает двух разновидностей :
- Пол, который сформирован методом самостоятельной укладки кабеля нагревания.
- Пол с нагревательными матами, то есть стеклосетка, в которой имеется уже проложенный кабель.
Принципиального отличия между этими разновидностями нет. В первом случае имеется свобода режима обогрева и расположения кабеля, а также возможность использования нагревательного кабеля, как для основной, так и для дополнительной системы отопления. Маты же, как правило, используют для дополнительного обогрева.
Кабели в свою очередь бывают резистивные и саморегулирующиеся.Резистивный состоит из одной либо двух жил, которые обладают повышенным сопротивлением. Он также называется одножильным либо двужильным.
Двужильные кабели довольно просты в монтаже и оборудованы системой рассеивания электромагнитного излучения намного лучше. Саморегулирующийся кабель немного отличается по конструкции.
В данном случае, исходя из своей конструкции, по всей длине кабеля происходит процесс самостоятельной регуляции силы тока, влияющей на нагревательный элемент. Благодаря этому кабель не перегревается на каком-либо участке и не нарушает систему обогрева, в отличие от кабеля первого типа. Однако такой вариант обходится дороже по цене.
Порядок работы
При формировании электрического пола важен правильный расчет мощности системы обогрева для конкретного помещения. Также температуру пола следует учесть при подборе покрытия пола. Общие данные для помещений различного типа следующие:
- в спальне — 100 -150 Вт/кв.м;
- в коридоре, кухне и прихожей комнате — 150 Вт/кв.м;
- в ванной и туалете — 180 Вт/кв.м;
- на балконе или в лоджии — 200 Вт/кв.м.
Так или иначе рекомендуется обратиться к услугам специалиста, который точно определит нужную мощность и поможет подобрать нужные материалы. Таким же образом должна составляться схема электрического теплового пола. Участие специалиста также необходимо при подключении системы и проведении от распределительного щита дополнительной усиленной линии проводки. Монтажные работы же можно проводить самостоятельно.
Выравнивание полов и укладка теплоизоляции
В случае, если теплый пол служит в качестве основного источника обогрева следует обязательно применить слой теплоизоляции, толщина которого зависит от того, что уложено непосредственно под покрытием пола. Лучше всего для этого подходит пенополистирол 35-ой плотности. Для помещений выше первого этажа при наличии внизу отапливаемого помещения достаточно применить утеплитель толщиной 2 сантиметра. Для помещений же первого этажа с наличием отапливаемого подвала рекомендуется применение утеплителя толщиной 3 сантиметра. Для помещений первого этажа без отапливаемых подвалов, балконов, а также помещений, находящихся над арочными сквозными пролетами следует использовать утеплитель толщиной не менее 5 сантиметров, а в домах с бетонной подушкой, лежащей на грунте – 10 сантиметров.
Слой теплоизоляции можно прикрепить при помощи специальных дюбелей либо уложить на специальный клей. Полы необходимо делать ровными, без ям, трещин и перекосов. В обратном случае трещины заделываются цементным раствором, а при перекосе делается черновая стяжка и выравнивается пол. Перед укладкой теплоизоляции поверхность обрабатывается грунтовкой, которая препятствует образованию плесени, а при склеивании слоя теплоизоляции благодаря грунтовке повышается сцепление материалов между собой. Плиты клеятся либо закрепляются в нескольких местах посредством дюбелей. По поверхности фиксируют штукатурную сетку при помощи пластиковых плит либо дюбелей с шайбами, равными по длине толщине слоя теплоизоляции. Такой крепеж дополнительно прикрепляет к полу плиты.
Расчет кабеля
Кабель должен покрывать поверхность помещения на 80% площади всего помещения. На 1 квадратный метр закладывается мощность в рамках 180-200 Вт/ м². Необходимо до укладки проверить сопротивление секций кабеля. Допустимо отклонение около 10% в обе стороны от показателя, указанного в техпаспорте. Кабель не прокладывается в местах нахождения бытовой техники, крупногабаритной мебели без опорных ножек. От стен отступают на 5-7 сантиметров. Далее рассчитывается шаг для укладки кабеля. В сантиметрах шаг равняется площади обогрева, умножаемой на 100 и делимой на длину кабеля. До укладки кабеля следует учесть то, что секция одножильного кабеля соединяется с нагревательным проводом в двух концах, а у двужильного кабеля с одного.
Подготовительные работы
Чтобы установить терморегулятор в стене на месте крепления вырезается углубление и проделывается штроба до пола. Посредством алебастра крепят монтажную коробку для терморегулятора. Из нее выходит гофрированная трубка, которая укладывается в штобру и замазывается алебастром. Конец трубки на 40 сантиметров заводят в зону обогрева, расположив ее так, чтобы термодатчик находился между витками кабеля в центре. У трубы не должно быть резких изгибов. Под ее конец, на место расположения датчика, подкладывается материал для возвышения для того, чтобы датчик находился почти под полом, правильно фиксируя температуру. Трубку на конце следует плотно закрыть с помощью изоленты для предотвращения попадания в нее раствора при стяжке.
Укладка кабеля
Кабель располагают змейкой, при этом соблюдают вычисленный шаг. Можно зафиксировать его к металлической сетке при помощи пластиковых стяжек минимальной длины. Затем после укладки проверяется и записывается сопротивление кабеля, зарисовывается схема расположения витков кабеля, включается и проверяется работоспособность системы. После этого все отключается, снимается терморегулятор до завершения работ по отделке пола.
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Yet another thing to mention is that an online business administration program is designed for learners to be able to effortlessly proceed to bachelors degree courses. The Ninety credit education meets the lower bachelor college degree requirements then when you earn your current associate of arts in BA online, you’ll have access to the most up-to-date technologies with this field. Several reasons why students have to get their associate degree in business is because they may be interested in the field and want to obtain the general education and learning necessary before jumping in to a bachelor education program. Many thanks for the tips you really provide inside your blog.
Yet another thing I would like to talk about is that in lieu of trying to match all your online degree classes on days that you conclude work (since the majority of people are drained when they get back), try to receive most of your classes on the saturdays and sundays and only 1 or 2 courses on weekdays, even if it means taking some time off your end of the week. This is beneficial because on the weekends, you will be much more rested in addition to concentrated for school work. Thanks a lot for the different ideas I have figured out from your web site.
I have come to understand that costs for internet degree pros tend to be a great value. For instance a full Bachelors Degree in Communication in the University of Phoenix Online consists of 60 credits from $515/credit or $30,900. Also American Intercontinental University Online makes available Bachelors of Business Administration with a entire school requirement of 180 units and a worth of $30,560. Online degree learning has made getting the education so much easier because you can earn the degree from the comfort in your home and when you finish working. Thanks for all the other tips I have really learned from your web-site.
Great post made here. One thing I’d like to say is that most professional domains consider the Bachelor Degree just as the entry level standard for an online degree. When Associate Certifications are a great way to begin with, completing a person’s Bachelors reveals many doors to various professions, there are numerous internet Bachelor Diploma Programs available coming from institutions like The University of Phoenix, Intercontinental University Online and Kaplan. Another thing is that many brick and mortar institutions offer Online variants of their degree programs but normally for a extensively higher price than the organizations that specialize in online qualification plans.
One more thing I would like to convey is that as an alternative to trying to match all your online degree classes on days of the week that you end work (since most people are fatigued when they come home), try to have most of your instructional classes on the week-ends and only 1 or 2 courses for weekdays, even if it means a little time off your saturdays. This is really good because on the weekends, you will be far more rested in addition to concentrated on school work. Thanks for the different tips I have realized from your blog.
I have observed that online diploma is getting preferred because accomplishing your degree online has developed into a popular solution for many people. A large number of people have not really had a possibility to attend a conventional college or university however seek the elevated earning potential and a better job that a Bachelor’s Degree affords. Still other folks might have a diploma in one field but would choose to pursue some thing they already have an interest in.
One more thing I would like to mention is that rather than trying to suit all your online degree lessons on times that you finish work (since the majority of people are tired when they come home), try to find most of your lessons on the week-ends and only a couple of courses for weekdays, even if it means a little time away from your weekend. This is fantastic because on the saturdays and sundays, you will be more rested in addition to concentrated on school work. Many thanks for the different points I have mastered from your blog.
I have seen that expenses for online degree experts tend to be a great value. For example a full 4-year college Degree in Communication in the University of Phoenix Online consists of Sixty credits at $515/credit or $30,900. Also American Intercontinental University Online makes available Bachelors of Business Administration with a complete education course element of 180 units and a cost of $30,560. Online degree learning has made getting the certification far less difficult because you can certainly earn your degree in the comfort of your abode and when you finish from work. Thanks for all tips I’ve learned through your web site.
I have noticed that online diploma is getting common because accomplishing your college degree online has turned into a popular choice for many people. A lot of people have never had an opportunity to attend a conventional college or university however seek the improved earning potential and a better job that a Bachelor Degree gives you. Still other individuals might have a degree in one field but would choose to pursue a thing they now develop an interest in.
I have witnessed that fees for internet degree pros tend to be a fantastic value. Like a full 4-year college Degree in Communication from The University of Phoenix Online consists of 60 credits with $515/credit or $30,900. Also American Intercontinental University Online makes available Bachelors of Business Administration with a entire school feature of 180 units and a worth of $30,560. Online degree learning has made obtaining your college degree much simpler because you might earn your own degree through the comfort of your abode and when you finish working. Thanks for all tips I have certainly learned through your web-site.
Also a thing to mention is that an online business administration course is designed for learners to be able to efficiently proceed to bachelor degree programs. The Ninety credit diploma meets the lower bachelor diploma requirements then when you earn the associate of arts in BA online, you should have access to the most up-to-date technologies within this field. Some reasons why students want to get their associate degree in business is because they are interested in the field and want to have the general instruction necessary previous to jumping into a bachelor diploma program. Thx for the tips you really provide in your blog.
Yet another thing I would like to express is that rather than trying to fit all your online degree tutorials on days of the week that you end work (since most people are tired when they get home), try to find most of your instructional classes on the saturdays and sundays and only a couple of courses for weekdays, even if it means taking some time off your saturday and sunday. This pays off because on the saturdays and sundays, you will be a lot more rested in addition to concentrated with school work. Many thanks for the different suggestions I have discovered from your web site.
Great post made here. One thing I would like to say is most professional fields consider the Bachelor Degree as the entry level requirement for an online college degree. When Associate College diplomas are a great way to get started, completing the Bachelors uncovers many good opportunities to various careers, there are numerous online Bachelor Course Programs available from institutions like The University of Phoenix, Intercontinental University Online and Kaplan. Another issue is that many brick and mortar institutions make available Online versions of their certifications but usually for a considerably higher cost than the providers that specialize in online diploma programs.
One other thing I would like to talk about is that as an alternative to trying to fit all your online degree courses on days and nights that you conclude work (considering that people are worn out when they return), try to receive most of your classes on the week-ends and only a couple courses on weekdays, even if it means taking some time off your saturdays. This pays off because on the saturdays and sundays, you will be far more rested plus concentrated in school work. Thanks a lot for the different ideas I have acquired from your weblog.
One more thing I would like to say is that as opposed to trying to accommodate all your online degree lessons on days of the week that you end work (considering that people are exhausted when they return home), try to arrange most of your sessions on the weekends and only one or two courses for weekdays, even if it means a little time off your saturday and sunday. This is fantastic because on the saturdays and sundays, you will be a lot more rested and concentrated on school work. Thanks a bunch for the different suggestions I have acquired from your blog.
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One more thing I would like to talk about is that in place of trying to match all your online degree tutorials on days that you end work (since most people are drained when they return home), try to get most of your lessons on the week-ends and only one or two courses for weekdays, even if it means a little time off your weekend break. This pays off because on the saturdays and sundays, you will be much more rested in addition to concentrated on school work. Thx for the different guidelines I have figured out from your blog.
Interesting post made here. One thing I’d like to say is always that most professional job areas consider the Bachelors Degree just as the entry level standard for an online education. Although Associate Certification are a great way to get started on, completing ones Bachelors starts up many opportunities to various occupations, there are numerous on-line Bachelor Diploma Programs available coming from institutions like The University of Phoenix, Intercontinental University Online and Kaplan. Another thing is that many brick and mortar institutions present Online variations of their certifications but normally for a extensively higher payment than the firms that specialize in online qualification programs.
I have noticed that online education is getting well-known because attaining your degree online has changed into a popular choice for many people. A lot of people have not really had a possibility to attend a normal college or university although seek the improved earning possibilities and career advancement that a Bachelor’s Degree grants. Still people might have a degree in one discipline but want to pursue some thing they now possess an interest in.