Кабель КСПВ представляет собой проводник, который обеспечивает доставку электрического сигнала конечному потребителю. Он применяется для подключения систем связи и сообщений, обработки данных, а также охранной и пожарной сигнализации. Этот провод – российский аналог кабеля J-Y (St) Y Lg и J-YYBd. Чаще всего он используется при прокладке внутренней стационарной сети, рабочее напряжение – до 250 В.
У аббревиатуры КПСВ такая расшифровка: «К» – это кабель, «СП» – систем передачи, а «В» означает, что продукт покрыт виниловой оболочкой. Ведущие производители данного изделия – предприятия Псковкабель, Кольчугинский завод, Энергакабель и Севкабель.
Технические характеристики проводника
Внутри кабеля находится от 2 до 20 жил, изготовленных из меди, а иногда – из алюминия (более популярен проводник с медными жилами, так как медь более гибкая, чем алюминий, и обладает высокой проводимостью). Каждая жила защищена изоляцией из полиэтилена, также кабель дополнительно покрыт оболочкой из поливинилхлорида. Всё это обеспечивает безопасность и надежность провода.
Медные жилы бывают четырех диаметров:
0,4. При таком диаметре сопротивление не должно превышать 148 Ом на 1 км, сопротивление изоляции составляет 6500 мОм.
0,5 – 94 Ом.
0,64 – 58 Ом.
0,8 – 36 Ом.
Одна из причин популярности кабеля данной марки – высокая эффективность. Так, его минимальный изгиб при прокладывании составляет 10 диаметров проводника. Подобная гибкость дает возможность изогнуть провод до 15 раз, если при этом угол изгиба не превышает 90 градусов.
Ещё одна важная характеристика КСПВ – устойчивость к перепадам температур окружающей среды. Провод может использоваться при температуре от -40 до +60 градусов по Цельсию, допустимая влажность – не более 98% при температуре до +35.
Монтаж данного кабеля возможен как внутри помещений, так и на открытом воздухе. Но следует помнить, что на участке открытой прокладки нужно защитить проводник от попадания прямых солнечных лучей. Благодаря вышеперечисленным достоинствам КСПВ широко применяется для прокладывания сетей в условиях российского климата.
Экранирование КСПВ
КСПВ может быть неэкранированным, то есть, с электроемкостью 60 нф/км, и экранированным, электроёмкость которого достигает 80 нф/км. Электроемкостью называется способность проводника накапливать электрическую энергию.
Сигнал, который проходит по проводу, может подвергаться воздействию всевозможных электромагнитных помех. Экранирование помогает избежать этого. Для создания экрана используется тонкий слой фольги. Некоторые производители экранированного кабеля дополнительно оснащают продукцию бумажной лентой с продольной прокладкой, а жилы проводника изготавливают из луженого металла.
Электромагнитное поле провода с экраном характеризуется не только защитой от внешних помех, но также повышенной прочностью. Производство экранированной продукции осуществляется с учетом ГОСТа Р 53769-2010, регламентирующего экранизацию кабелей и изготовление пластмассовой изоляции. Наличие экрана обозначается буквой «Э», соответственно, на экранированном кабеле присутствует аббревиатура КСПВЭ.
Маркировка КСПВ нг-FRLS
При прокладке кабеля особое внимание следует уделять пожарной безопасности. Поэтому в условиях, где есть риск возгорания, необходимо использовать кабель с пожарной защитой. К такому типу проводников относится КСПВ с маркировкой нг-FRLS.
нг – это индекс нераспространение горения, а FRLS – аббревиатура, указывающая на пониженное газо- и дымовыделение. Соответственно, маркировка нг-FRLS означает, что провод может использоваться для питания приемников в системах пожарной защиты.
Провод нг-FRLS огнестойкий и может использоваться для групповой прокладки (он не распространяет горение). Этот кабель:
Противостоит процессу горения. При возникновении пожара он не загорается, а только плавится, при этом происходит погашение искр.
Почти не выделяет дыма при возгорании. Как известно, причина большинства смертей при пожаре – не поражение огнем, а удушье. КСПВ нг-FRLS практически не дымит.
Не выделяет токсических продуктов при пожаре.
КСПВ нг-FRLS прокладывается в больницах и других учреждениях, где есть электроприемники, которые должны сохранять работоспособность при возникновении пожара. Такие помещения оснащаются кабелем как с повышенной защитой от пожара, так и с наличием экрана.
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