На сегодняшний день существует большой выбор материалов, предназначенных для прокладки внутриквартирного (внутридомового) трубопровода. Известно, что для сварки или пайки труб требуются определенные навыки, но в случае монтажа фитинговых соединений достаточно действовать строго по инструкции. Самое доступное решение для монтажа труб самостоятельно — металлопластиковые трубы. Монтаж трубопровода из металлопластиковых труб является наиболее доступным способом заменить трубы, не имея соответствующей квалификации.
Подготовка к монтажу
Советуется взять лист бумаги и предварительно нарисовать план всех помещений, в которых будет проводиться монтаж трубопровода. На схеме монтажа должен быть изображен вид помещений сверху. Обычно монтируют трубы сразу во всех помещениях, а это в основном кухня, ванная комната, туалет. Необходимо тщательно измерить места, где будут проходить трубы
Рекомендуется прямо на стенах нарисовать карандашом места, где будут проходить трубы.
За исключением определенных мест (подвод к стиральной или посудомоечной машине, разводка возле унитаза) труба проходит двойная – горячая и холодная.
Исходя из вышеуказанного, можно рассчитать, сколько трубы Вам потребуется. Далее нужно тщательно продумать, сколько необходимо сделать соединений труб, смесителей, тройников и иных монтажных узлов.
Необходимые инструменты
При монтаже труб Вам потребуются следующие инструменты:
Ножницы для резки труб. Этот инструмент крайне необходим, так как если резать трубы иными инструментами, могут образоваться неровности, заусенцы, нарушится защитный слой трубы, а это в зачастую может приводит к протечкам.
Калибратор. Трубы после резки бывают немного вогнуты вовнутрь, и необходимо их развальцевать во избежание порчи резиновых уплотнителей.
Разводной ключ.
Плоскогубцы.
Рожковые ключи.
Дрель.
Теперь, когда все готово для монтажа, нужно демонтировать старые непригодные трубы, а также старые вентили. Если монтаж производится в частном доме, необходимо перекрыть центральную подачу воды в здание, а если работы осуществляются в квартире, то придется вызвать сантехника, который перекроет водоснабжение холодной и горячей воды в подъездном стояке.
Из чего состоит металлопластиковая труба
внутренний слой, производимый из молекулярно уплотненного полиэтилена;
слой клея, который соединяет полиэтилен и алюминиевую прослойку;
алюминиевая прослойка;
слой клея между алюминиевой прослойкой и наружным слоем пластика;
внешний слой пластика.
Преимущества металлопластиковых труб
благодаря полимерному слою высокоустойчивы к коррозии;
благодаря наличию слоя алюминия эластичны, что позволяет выполнять монтаж таких труб почти любой сложности;
не требуют идеальной точности для расчета линейных размеров.
Фитинги для труб из металлопластика
При необходимости соединения труб из металлопластика используются фитинги. Они бывают следующих видов:
компрессионные (винтовые)
пресс-фитинги (прессующиеся)
Соединение труб при помощи компрессионных фитингов
При применении компрессионного фитинга соединение образуется при помощи давления, которое возникает в результате закручивания гайки на обжимном кольце. При выполнении компрессионного соединения не требуются специальные инструменты. Здесь используют два гаечных ключа: затягивая одним ключом гайку, вторым оказывают сопротивление.
Если металлопластиковые трубы используются для выполнения разводки, монтаж производится одной «нитью» от коллектора к потребляющему прибору без лишних соединений.
Спустя некоторое время возможно будет необходимость протяжки для усиления герметичности соединений компрессионных фитингов. Поэтому не рекомендуется укладывать в пол или закрывать плиткой трубы с несколькими фитинговыми соединениями.
Применение пресс-фитинга при соединении металлопластиковых труб
Специальными ножницами отрезают трубу под прямым углом.
С помощью специального инструмента для калибровки снимают фаску, затем подгоняют диаметр трубы для дальнейшего монтажа.
На торец трубы надевают гильзу из нержавеющей стали.
В трубу фитинга до упора вставляют фасонную часть.
Гильзу захватывают с помощью зажима ручного или гидравлического пресса.
Рукоятки пресса сводят до упора.
Правила для прокладки трубопровода из металлопластика
При прокладке металлопластиковых труб важно работать чрезвычайно аккуратно, так как трубы довольно чувствительны к механическим повреждениям или к воздействию ультрафиолетового излучения.
При скрытой прокладке металлопластиковых труб необходимо предусмотреть наличие съемных люков и щитов, которые обеспечат доступ к фитингам.
Для монтажа труб из металлопластика через конструкции зданий применяются гильзы, размер внутреннего диаметра которых на 0,5-1 сантиметров превышает внешний диаметр трубы. Образующийся при этом зазор заполняют несгораемым материалом, который позволит трубе двигаться в продольном направлении.
На каждом этапе монтажа важно работать так, чтобы не допустить возникновения надрезов или царапин на поверхности труб.
В случае необходимости нужно приобрести специальные опоры или подвесы, металлические крепления которых нужно проложить мягким материалом.
Если следовать инструкциям и рекомендациям по установке металлопластиковых труб, трубопровод прослужит намного дольше.
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